{"id":18077,"date":"2019-08-28T11:31:24","date_gmt":"2019-08-28T09:31:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/?page_id=18077"},"modified":"2019-08-28T11:31:26","modified_gmt":"2019-08-28T09:31:26","slug":"staroegyptska-historie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/dejiny-egypta\/staroegyptska-historie\/","title":{"rendered":"Staroegyptsk\u00e1 historie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kdy\u017e studujeme historii Egypta, m\u016f\u017eeme zjistit, \u017ee se d\u011bl\u00ed na dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti: staroegyptskou historii s rozkv\u011btem a domorodou civilizac\u00ed a nep egyptskou vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed historii s jej\u00edm vlivem na mentalitu egyptsk\u00e9ho lidu, a jejich schopnost tvo\u0159ivosti. Je velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 pozorn\u011b studovat historii zem\u011b! Zde v\u00e1m poskytneme stru\u010dn\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed hlavn\u00edch obdob\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 egyptsk\u00e9 historie:<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Predynastick\u00e9 obdob\u00ed<\/h2><\/amp-fit-text>\n\n\n\n

Toto obdob\u00ed charakterizuje \u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj egyptsk\u00e9 civilizace. Byl sv\u011bdkem v\u00fdm\u011bny lovu pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a v\u010dasn\u00e9ho pokroku, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipravil cestu pro pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozvoj egyptsk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed a \u0159emesel, technologi\u00ed, politiky a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00edm aspektem tohoto obdob\u00ed je z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dvou samostatn\u00fdch kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed: severn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed. Severn\u00ed kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, neboli tzv. Rud\u00e1 zem\u011b, se nach\u00e1zelo v delt\u011b \u0159eky Nilu a pokra\u010dovalo na jih pod\u00e9l Nilu do Atfih. Zat\u00edmco ji\u017en\u00ed kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, neboli tzv. B\u00edl\u00e1 zem\u011b, se t\u00e1hlo od Atfih na severu k Gebel El-Silsila na jihu.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u0161lo k pokus\u016fm o sjednocen\u00ed obou kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed ji\u017en\u00edm kr\u00e1lem, Scorpionem. Prvn\u00ed pokusy dob\u00fdt severn\u00ed kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed kolem roku 3 200 nl. O stolet\u00ed pozd\u011bji, kr\u00e1l Menes usp\u011bl podmanit sever a sjednotit zemi.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Archaick\u00e9 obdob\u00ed<\/h2><\/amp-fit-text>\n\n\n\n

Archaick\u00e9 obdob\u00ed bylo sv\u011bdkem v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje egyptsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, v\u010detn\u011b v\u0161ech d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch ideologi\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. V tomto obdob\u00ed kr\u00e1l Menes zalo\u017eil hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta v Memphisu, nebo se mu \u0159\u00edkalo B\u00edl\u00e9 zdi, pobl\u00ed\u017e vrcholu delty \u0159eky Nilu. Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto se rozrostlo na velkou metropoli a vydl\u00e1\u017edilo cestu budov\u00e1n\u00ed staroegyptsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Star\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed<\/h2><\/amp-fit-text>\n\n\n\n

Toto obdob\u00ed je velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 egyptsk\u00e9 historii. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1me tomu tak\u00e9 \u201eobdob\u00ed tv\u016frce pyramidy\u201c. Byl sv\u011bdkem jasn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konstrukce hrobek s v\u00edrou egyptsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Bylo provedeno n\u011bkolik pokus\u016f o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed hrobky faraona. Tento pokus za\u010dal se stavbou stup\u0148ov\u00e9 pyramidy v Sakkara a dosp\u011bl k stavb\u011b \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch pyramid v G\u00edze.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00ed p\u0159echodn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed<\/h2><\/amp-fit-text>\n\n\n\n

Toto obdob\u00ed bylo charakterizov\u00e1no kolapsem \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 vedla k ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce mezi guvern\u00e9ry m\u011bst; a pozd\u011bji, vzhled dvou odd\u011blen\u00fdch kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. Ten severn\u00ed p\u0159eklenul st\u0159ed Egypta v oblasti mezi Memphisem a Th\u00e9by. Ten ji\u017en\u00ed byl v Th\u00e9b\u00e1ch.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slabina zem\u011b a jej\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed vedly k \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 invazi a katastrof\u011b hladomoru. Na konci tohoto obdob\u00ed si m\u016f\u017eeme v\u0161imnout n\u011bjak\u00e9ho pokusu o slou\u010den\u00ed zem\u011b. Tyto pokusy usp\u011bly b\u011bhem Thebansk\u00e9ho prince Mentuhotepa.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

St\u0159edn\u00ed kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed<\/h2><\/amp-fit-text>\n\n\n\n

B\u011bhem tohoto obdob\u00ed byl Egypt sv\u011bdkem zlat\u00e9ho v\u011bku, jako tomu bylo b\u011bhem star\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. Na jih od Memphisu bylo vybudov\u00e1no hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto a proti bedu\u00edn\u016fm za\u010daly vojensk\u00e9 kampan\u011b.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tam byla politick\u00e1 reforma zajistit hladk\u00e9 posloupnost jejich s\u00edly t\u00edm, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1stupce co-regent.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Druh\u00e9 p\u0159echodn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed<\/h2><\/amp-fit-text>\n\n\n\n

Toto obdob\u00ed bylo poznamen\u00e1no za\u010d\u00e1tkem dal\u0161\u00edho neuspokojen\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed v egyptsk\u00e9 historii, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho rychl\u00e1 posloupnost kr\u00e1l\u016f nedok\u00e1zala upevnit moc. V d\u016fsledku toho byl Egypt rozd\u011blen do n\u011bkolika sf\u00e9r vlivu.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nov\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed<\/h2><\/amp-fit-text>\n\n\n\n

Obdob\u00ed bylo v historii Egypta velmi vzkv\u00e9t\u00e1no. Zem\u011b byla op\u011bt shled\u00e1na Thebansk\u00fdm faraonem jm\u00e9nem Ahmose.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm aspektem tohoto obdob\u00ed je vytvo\u0159en\u00ed prvn\u00ed velk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e sv\u011bta. Zde m\u016f\u017eeme zjistit, \u017ee Egypt obnovil kontrolu nad N\u00fabi\u00ed a zah\u00e1jil vojensk\u00e9 kampan\u011b na sever a v\u00fdchod, t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed se jeho \u0159\u00ed\u0161e od Nubie po \u0159eku Eufrat v Asii.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0159et\u00ed p\u0159echodn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed<\/h2><\/amp-fit-text>\n\n\n\n

Toto obdob\u00ed charakterizuje slabost \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy. Za touto slabinou jsou dva hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvody. Prvn\u00edm d\u016fvodem bylo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed s\u00edly kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco hrozba p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z nov\u00fdch sil – roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm vlivem N\u00fabijsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a objeven\u00edm asyrsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e – byl druh\u00fdm d\u016fvodem.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozdn\u00ed obdob\u00ed<\/h2><\/amp-fit-text>\n\n\n\n

V tomto obdob\u00ed se Egypt znovu sjednocuje; a\u010dkoli loajalita byla k asyrsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i. Po zhroucen\u00ed Asyrsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e perskou se Egypt stal sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u00e9to \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Rok 404 B.C. byl sv\u011bdkem posledn\u00edho obdob\u00ed egyptsk\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti pod domorod\u00fdmi vl\u00e1dci od 28. dynastie do 30. dynastie.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e studujeme historii Egypta, m\u016f\u017eeme zjistit, \u017ee se d\u011bl\u00ed na dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti: staroegyptskou historii s rozkv\u011btem a domorodou civilizac\u00ed a nep egyptskou vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed historii s jej\u00edm vlivem na mentalitu egyptsk\u00e9ho lidu, a jejich schopnost tvo\u0159ivosti. Je velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 pozorn\u011b studovat historii zem\u011b! Zde v\u00e1m poskytneme stru\u010dn\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed hlavn\u00edch obdob\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 egyptsk\u00e9 historie: Predynastick\u00e9 obdob\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30220,"parent":18073,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"wpai_generated_summary":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18077","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nStaroegyptsk\u00e1 historie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kdy\u017e studujeme historii Egypta, m\u016f\u017eeme zjistit, \u017ee se d\u011bl\u00ed na dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti: staroegyptskou historii s rozkv\u011btem a domorodou civilizac\u00ed a nep 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