{"id":31667,"date":"2021-05-23T17:03:24","date_gmt":"2021-05-23T15:03:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/?page_id=31667"},"modified":"2024-04-06T08:46:01","modified_gmt":"2024-04-06T06:46:01","slug":"reka-nil-cs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/reka-nil-cs\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0159eka Nil"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nil je majest\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0159eka, kter\u00e1 te\u010de na sever p\u0159es severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Afriku. Tato kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 \u0159eka proch\u00e1z\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi a pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 d\u00e9lku 6 650 km. A co je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u0159eka Nil pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 povod\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/\">Egypta<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/place\/Sudan\/@15.5996674,21.2160555,5z\/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x15d91cc41072b195:0xd2bf70462a612b37!8m2!3d12.862807!4d30.217636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">S\u00fad\u00e1nu<\/a>, Ji\u017en\u00edho S\u00fad\u00e1nu, Eritreje, Etiopie, Keni, Demokratick\u00e9 republiky Kongo, Burundi, Rwandy, Ugandy a Tanzanie. Nil je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prim\u00e1rn\u00edm zdrojem vody pro Egypt a S\u00fad\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-prubeh-reky-nil\">Pr\u016fb\u011bh \u0159eky Nil<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0158eka Nil se t\u00e1hne od jihu od rovn\u00edku a te\u010de na sever a\u017e k St\u0159edozemn\u00edmu mo\u0159i. Velk\u00e1 \u0159eka se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit d\u00e9lkou 4 132 mil a vypou\u0161t\u00ed plochu 1 293 000 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch mil. Proto je n\u00e1zev nejdel\u0161\u00ed \u0159eky na sv\u011bt\u011b spojov\u00e1n s \u0159ekou Nil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modr\u00fd Nil a B\u00edl\u00fd Nil jsou dva p\u0159\u00edtoky, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed \u0159eku Nil. Po\u010d\u00ednaje Viktoriin\u00fdm jezerem v Tanzanii, b\u00edl\u00fd Nil te\u010de na sever, dokud nedos\u00e1hne sud\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho Chart\u00famu. Tady del\u0161\u00ed B\u00edl\u00fd Nil spl\u00fdv\u00e1 s Modr\u00fdm Nilem z Etiopie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nil se rozd\u011bluje na dva distributory, kter\u00e9 se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u011btev Rosetta a Damietta na z\u00e1pad\u011b a na v\u00fdchod\u011b. Toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed slavnou nilskou deltu. Nakonec \u0159eka Nil proch\u00e1z\u00ed severn\u00edm Egyptem a \u00fast\u00ed do St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e v Alexandrii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-povodi-reky-nil\">Povod\u00ed \u0159eky Nil<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed povod\u00ed Nilu zahrnuje \u010d\u00e1sti n\u011bkolika historick\u00fdch m\u00edst. Povod\u00ed \u0159eky Nil, kter\u00e9 se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jedn\u00e9 desetin\u011b rozlohy kontinentu, sehr\u00e1lo kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i postupu a v\u00fdvoji civilizac\u00ed ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. St\u0159edozemn\u00ed mo\u0159e hrani\u010d\u00ed s povod\u00ed na severu, etiopskou n\u00e1horn\u00ed plo\u0161inou na v\u00fdchod\u011b, Viktoriin\u00fdm jezerem na jihu a p\u0159ed\u011blem mezi Nilem, \u010cadem a Kongem na z\u00e1pad\u011b. Proto tvo\u0159\u00ed historicky bohat\u00e9 povod\u00ed Nilu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-historicky-vyznam\">Historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nil je \u0159eka, kter\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivnila historii na\u0161\u00ed civilizace. Od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku se d\u011bti dozv\u011bd\u011bly o v\u00fdznamu Nilu ve \u0161kole. Nil je nav\u00edc tak\u00e9 nejdel\u0161\u00ed \u0159ekou na sv\u011bt\u011b, a proto zanechal v na\u0161ich historick\u00fdch knih\u00e1ch v\u00fdznamnou stopu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zminka-ve-svetovych-dejinach\">Zm\u00ednka ve sv\u011btov\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zm\u00ednka o Nilu za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 u starod\u00e1vn\u00fdch svitk\u016f star\u00fdch jako \u010das, aby se jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost stala zn\u00e1mou v dne\u0161n\u00ed modern\u00ed popkultu\u0159e. Je snadn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee \u0159eka Nil je nad\u010dasov\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Starov\u011bk\u00e1 b\u00e1se\u0148 Odyssey historicky zmi\u0148uje Aigyptos jako n\u00e1zev Nilu a zem\u011b Egypta, kterou \u0159eka prot\u00e9k\u00e1. <a href=\"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/dejiny-egypta\/staroegyptska-historie\/\">Starov\u011bk\u00fd Egypt<\/a>, jedna z nejpozoruhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch civilizac\u00ed, se narodil pod\u00e9l \u00farodn\u00fdch b\u0159eh\u016f Nilu kolem roku 3000 p\u0159. N.l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ekonomicky-vyznam\">Ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nil poskytl star\u00fdm Egyp\u0165an\u016fm nejen zdroj \u017eivota, ale pokra\u010doval v n\u011bm i v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed pob\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch na jeho b\u0159ez\u00edch. Cestou zp\u011bt v \u010dase m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee Nil je srdcem starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Starov\u011bk\u00e1 civilizace \u0159\u00edkala \u0159eku Aur nebo \u010dernou. Tento n\u00e1zev ozna\u010duje barvu sedimentu, kter\u00fd p\u0159inesla \u0159eka p\u0159i povodni. Hust\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 bahno hr\u00e1lo v\u00fdznamnou roli v tom, \u017ee \u0159eka Nil byla rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pro prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivoty civilizace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nil, kter\u00fd se \u010dasto ozna\u010duje jako \u201eotec \u017eivota\u201c, poskytoval rozvoj egyptsk\u00e9 civilizace nekone\u010dnou v\u00fd\u017eivu. \u0158eka \u010dasto velkoryse p\u0159et\u00e9k\u00e1 ze b\u0159eh\u016f a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 nov\u00e9 vrstvy bahna. N\u00e1sledn\u011b b\u0159ehy pod\u00e9l \u0159eky poskytly lidem \u00farodnou o\u00e1zu pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To ukazuje zp\u011bt na siln\u00e9 de\u0161t\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9 l\u00e9to, kter\u00e9 zapl\u0148uj\u00ed Modr\u00fd Nil a pos\u00edlaj\u00ed vodu nav\u00edc, aby p\u0159etekla b\u0159ehy such\u00e9 egyptsk\u00e9 zem\u011b. Bohat\u00e9 a \u00farodn\u00e9 bahno, kter\u00e9 by po sob\u011b zanechalo, by pak vytvo\u0159ilo dokonal\u00fd kus \u00farodn\u00e9 zem\u011b. N\u00e1sledn\u011b by to lidem umo\u017enilo p\u011bstovat plodiny a budovat zdrav\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed. To vedlo k tomu, \u017ee sta\u0159\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 byli mezi prvn\u00edmi, kdo ovl\u00e1dli um\u011bn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a kultivovali pluh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nabozensky-vyznam\">N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nil m\u00e1 nav\u00edc slo\u017eitou souvislost s teoriemi starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta. Nil je spojov\u00e1n s mocn\u00fdmi <a href=\"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/egyptska-bozstva\/\">bohy<\/a> a bohyn\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed poskytovali po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed a kletby zem\u011b, podneb\u00ed a kultury. Krom\u011b toho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy \u0159eky Nilu hovo\u0159\u00ed o bohyni \u0159eky nebo o \u201ed\u00e1rci \u017eivota\u201c, o nich\u017e se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee lidem poskytly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed znalosti zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u016fh Hapi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nil hr\u00e1l d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v \u017eivot\u011b cel\u00e9 zem\u011b. Na t\u00e9to \u0159ece z\u00e1visel blahobyt zem\u011b. Mnoho boh\u016f a m\u00fdt\u016f m\u00e1 spojen\u00ed s Nilem. Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee Nil te\u010de po zemi a skrz lidi a podsv\u011bt\u00ed a nebe. Obyvatel\u00e9 d\u00e1vali do souvislosti \u0159eku Nil s <a href=\"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/egyptska-bozstva\/buh-hapi\/\">bohem Hapi<\/a>, kter\u00fd byl zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed zaplaven\u00ed Nilu a nasycen\u00ed Zem\u011b \u00farodn\u00fdm bahnem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u016fh Sobek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dal\u0161\u00edm bo\u017estvem Nilu byl Sobek &#8211; jeho \u017eij\u00edc\u00edm zosobn\u011bn\u00edm byl krokod\u00fdl. Byl to b\u016fh vody a skvrn, ochr\u00e1nce lid\u00ed a boh\u016f. I kdy\u017e byl jeho vzhled zastra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed, Sobek nebyl krut\u00fd. Spolu s <a href=\"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/egyptska-bozstva\/buh-osiris\/\">Osirisem<\/a> ho sta\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 uct\u00edvali jako boha plodnosti. Byl tak\u00e9 p\u00e1nem sladk\u00e9 vody a v\u0161eho \u017eiv\u00e9ho, co v \u0159ece \u017eilo. Ryb\u00e1\u0159i a lovci se modlili k \u0160ebkovi, kter\u00fd lovil mezi nilsk\u00fdmi hou\u0161tinami. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee Sobek byl vyn\u00e1lezcem ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u016fh Osiris<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u016fh Osiris byl symbolem produktivn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch sil. Kdy\u017e zasadili obil\u00ed do p\u016fdy, bylo to symbolem smrti Osirise a vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed tohoto boha bylo kl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed rostlin ze zem\u011b. Tak\u00e9 velk\u00fd po\u010det bo\u017estev plodnosti m\u011bl siln\u00e9 vztahy s Nilem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u016fh Ra<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed b\u016fh <a href=\"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/egyptska-bozstva\/buh-ra\/\">Ra <\/a>byl otec a kr\u00e1l boh\u016f a b\u016fh slunce. Denn\u011b podnikal cestu \u010dlunem po nebesk\u00e9m Nilu, aby osv\u011btlil Zemi. Pozd\u011b ve\u010der se Ra p\u0159esunul do barque Mesekset a u\u017e v n\u011bm se prod\u00edral podsv\u011bt\u00edm. Od sam\u00e9ho r\u00e1na, pot\u00e9, co porazil hada Anopa, byl Ra op\u011bt viditeln\u00fd na obzoru. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 p\u0159edstavovali podzemn\u00ed a nebesk\u00fd Nil, m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se ve dne v noci. Mytologie starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta je v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 a nazna\u010duje, \u017ee Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 pova\u017eovali Nilu za nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho a d\u011bkovali mu za takov\u00fd vliv. \u0158eka obecn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivnila jejich \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-duvody-k-navsteve-nadherne-reky\">D\u016fvody k n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 \u0159eky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zm\u00ednka o Egypt\u011b je \u010dasto spojov\u00e1na s tajemn\u00fdm a majest\u00e1tn\u00edm Nilem. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdlet do Egypta nelze pova\u017eovat za \u00fapln\u00fd, ani\u017e bychom byli sv\u011bdky \u0159eky Nilu v cel\u00e9 jej\u00ed sl\u00e1v\u011b. Tato kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 \u0159eka v\u00e1s nepochybn\u011b zavede ke dve\u0159\u00edm historie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-prispevek-reky-nilu-egyptske-civilizaci\">P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek \u0159eky Nilu egyptsk\u00e9 civilizaci<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00darodn\u00e9 b\u0159ehy Nilu hr\u00e1ly obrovskou roli p\u0159i zalo\u017een\u00ed mocn\u00e9 starov\u011bk\u00e9 civilizace. V\u011bt\u0161ina j\u00eddla pro Egypt byla p\u011bstov\u00e1na na b\u0159ez\u00edch delty Nilu. Bohat\u00e1 p\u016fda tedy poskytovala star\u00fdm Egyp\u0165an\u016fm p\u011bstovat rostlinu papyru. Starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 dok\u00e1zali z rostliny papyru vyr\u00e1b\u011bt l\u00e1tky, provazy a hlavn\u011b pap\u00edr. \u0158eka Nil je i nad\u00e1le domovem 95 procent Egyp\u0165an\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed pob\u00fdvaj\u00ed n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f od t\u00e9to velk\u00e9 \u0159eky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nil-je-vynikajicim-zdrojem-mytologie\">Nil je vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm zdrojem mytologie<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0158eka Nil m\u011bla tak velkou \u00factu, \u017ee se staroegyptsk\u00fd rok rozd\u011blil do t\u0159\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b povodn\u00ed \u0159eky. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 obdob\u00ed bylo tedy rozd\u011bleno na \u010dty\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce, a to: zaplaven\u00ed, v\u00fdsadba a sklize\u0148. Starov\u011bk\u00e1 mytologie nazna\u010dovala, \u017ee nilsk\u00e1 povode\u0148 byla spojena se slzami Isis truchl\u00edc\u00ed nad smrt\u00ed jej\u00edho man\u017eela Osirise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-oslava-nilskeho-dne-potopy\">Oslava Nilsk\u00e9ho dne potopy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nil ji\u017e nezaplavuje pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed kv\u016fli v\u00fdstavb\u011b Asu\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady. Modern\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 v\u0161ak tuto ud\u00e1lost nad\u00e1le oslavuj\u00ed sv\u00e1tkem, kter\u00fd za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 15. srpna a trv\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dva t\u00fddny. Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed na po\u010dest sv\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f lod\u011b navr\u017een\u00e9 ve faraonsk\u00e9m stylu s kv\u011btinami, radostn\u00fdmi zp\u011bvy, tanci a barevn\u00fdmi kost\u00fdmy. Je to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b kr\u00e1sn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak pod\u011bkovat mocn\u00e9 \u0159ece za jej\u00ed loajalitu a l\u00e1sku. \u0158eka Nil je nejen historicky v\u00fdznamn\u00e1, ale tak\u00e9 bere turisty na objevitelskou cestu. Cestovatel\u00e9 se stanou sv\u011bdky ikonick\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek a pochop\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitost \u0159eky Nil a historii spojenou s touto majest\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0159ekou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zaver\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, Nil byl sv\u011bdkem vzestupu civilizac\u00ed na jej\u00edch b\u0159ez\u00edch. Zejm\u00e9na hr\u00e1la vlivnou a z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v historii a moci starov\u011bk\u00fdch Egyp\u0165an\u016f. V modern\u00ed dob\u011b \u0159eka Nil st\u00e1le d\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eivot v\u0161em lidem \u017eij\u00edc\u00edm pod\u00e9l jej\u00edch b\u0159eh\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nil je majest\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0159eka, kter\u00e1 te\u010de na sever p\u0159es severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Afriku. Tato kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 \u0159eka proch\u00e1z\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi a pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 d\u00e9lku 6 650 km. A co je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u0159eka Nil pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 povod\u00ed Egypta, S\u00fad\u00e1nu, Ji\u017en\u00edho S\u00fad\u00e1nu, Eritreje, Etiopie, Keni, Demokratick\u00e9 republiky Kongo, Burundi, Rwandy, Ugandy a Tanzanie. Nil je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prim\u00e1rn\u00edm zdrojem vody pro Egypt a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31669,"parent":17694,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"wpai_generated_summary":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-31667","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0159eka Nil - U\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 informace a v\u00fdznam - Landious Travel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0159eka Nil je majest\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0159eka, kter\u00e1 te\u010de na sever p\u0159es severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Afriku. 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