{"id":37490,"date":"2021-09-15T23:20:25","date_gmt":"2021-09-15T21:20:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/?page_id=37490"},"modified":"2021-09-15T23:20:29","modified_gmt":"2021-09-15T21:20:29","slug":"buh-hapi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/egyptska-bozstva\/buh-hapi\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u016fh Hapi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Staroegyptsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed uct\u00edvalo bo\u017estvo Hapi jako boha ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1plav Nilu<\/a>. Hapi byl jedn\u00edm z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch boh\u016f ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b<\/a>. \u0158eka Nil ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b zaplavovala a ukl\u00e1dala na b\u0159ehy \u0159eky temnou a bohatou p\u016fdu. Tato p\u016fda byla velmi \u00farodn\u00e1 a umo\u017e\u0148ovala rozkv\u011bt egyptsk\u00fdch plodin. Dalo by se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1plavy Egypta<\/a> udr\u017eely celou zemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u00e9 to vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d lid\u00e9 divoce oslavovali Hapi v cel\u00e9 egyptsk\u00e9 zemi. Tak\u00e9 spojovali boha ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1plav s bohatstv\u00edm, hojnost\u00ed a v\u00fd\u017eivou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bo\u017e\u00ed tituly Hapi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Historici \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee Hapi (Hapy, Hap, Hep) bylo s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed prehistorick\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem pro samotn\u00fd Nil. Stalo se to, kdy\u017e ho lid\u00e9 za\u010dali uct\u00edvat jako boha ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1plavy \u0159eky. Pozd\u011bji lid\u00e9 zm\u011bnili n\u00e1zev na Nil nebo Iterw, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 \u201e\u0159eka\u201c. Starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 proto tak\u00e9 zm\u011bnili jm\u00e9no boha Nilu na \u201e\u0159eka\u201c nebo Iterw.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abychom to l\u00e9pe pochopili, egyptsk\u00e9 slovo \u201eNwy\u201c znamen\u00e1 voda. A n\u00e1zev \u201eNil\u201c poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u0159eck\u00e9 korupce \u201eNeilos\u201c, kter\u00e1 poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u201eNwy\u201c. Lid\u00e9 d\u00e1vali Hapimu dal\u0161\u00ed tituly, v\u010detn\u011b \u201ep\u00e1n ryb a pt\u00e1k\u016f ba\u017ein\u201c a \u201ezelen\u00e9 dva b\u0159ehy\u201c. Lid\u00e9 mu tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkali \u201ev\u00fdrobce je\u010dmene a p\u0161enice\u201c a \u201ep\u00e1n \u0159eky p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed vegetaci\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stejn\u011b jako ostatn\u00ed \u0159\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed a \u0159e\u010dt\u00ed bohov\u00e9, legendy v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee Hapi m\u00e1 dobrotiv\u00e9 a dobr\u00e9 osobnosti. M\u011bl v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 temnou str\u00e1nku, kter\u00e1 mohla p\u0159in\u00e9st nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 zni\u010den\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 tak\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee b\u016fh pracoval pod vlivem faraona, kter\u00fd byl tak\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00fdm bohem. Texty jej nav\u00edc popisuj\u00ed jako \u201eGebova<\/a> p\u0159\u00edtele\u201c, egyptsk\u00e9ho boha zem\u011b a \u201eP\u00e1na Nepera\u201c, boha obil\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1plavy Nilu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0158eka Nil hr\u00e1la mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me Egypt. N\u011bkdy se \u010d\u00e1st horn\u00edho Egypta dostala do N\u00fabie. Obvykle v\u0161ak byla horn\u00ed hranice nad Asu\u00e1nem<\/a> pobl\u00ed\u017e Philae prvn\u00edm kataraktem Nilu. Asu\u00e1n byl d\u0159\u00edve starobyl\u00fdm m\u011bstem Swenett. B\u011bhem historie fungovalo jako pohrani\u010dn\u00ed m\u011bsto starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1lo na jihu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mytologie n\u00e1m \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee zdroj Nilu poch\u00e1z\u00ed z jeskyn\u011b na ostrov\u011b Bigeh<\/a> pobl\u00ed\u017e Philae. Legenda vykresluje d\u016fvod tohoto p\u016fvodu pro volbu boha Hapiho bydlet na tomto m\u00edst\u011b. Vchod do \u00fakrytu chr\u00e1nil posv\u00e1tn\u00fd had. Starov\u011bk\u00e9 texty nav\u00edc \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee se b\u011bh Nilu propl\u00e9tal zem\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch. Pot\u00e9 pokra\u010dovala nebem v galaxii. Nakonec teklo do Egypta z jeskyn\u011b na ostrov\u011b Bigeh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdznam boha Hapi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Povode\u0148 Nilu na \u201ezaplaven\u00ed\u201c byla pro \u017eivot a hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed Egypta natolik z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, \u017ee kolem n\u011bj st\u00e1li starov\u011bci. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok by obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vody p\u0159eteklo na b\u0159ehu \u0159eky Nil a zanechalo \u010dern\u00e9 bahno. Podpo\u0159ilo by to egyptsk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a lidi by to \u017eivilo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historie ozna\u010duje tuto ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1plavu za \u201ep\u0159\u00edjezd Hapi\u201c. Lid\u00e9 oslavovali tuto ud\u00e1lost velk\u00fdmi festivaly a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm pr\u016fvod\u016f po \u0159ece. N\u00e1sledovn\u00edci z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta by cestovali do svatyn\u00ed Hapi u Elephantine<\/a> a Asu\u00e1nu. Modlili by se za spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed z\u00e1plav a bahna, kter\u00e9 jim pomohou p\u011bstovat plodiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lze si jen p\u0159edstavit \u00factu a oddanost, kterou by b\u016fh nilsk\u00fdch z\u00e1plav z\u00edskal. D\u016fle\u017eitost Hapiho vede k tomu, \u017ee ho n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 uct\u00edvaj\u00ed nad v\u0161emocn\u00fdm bohem slunce Ra<\/a>. B\u016fh ovl\u00e1dal vodu Nilu a ovliv\u0148oval tak blaho milion\u016f lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ikonografie a reprezentace<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hapi byl mu\u017esk\u00fd b\u016fh, ale jeho sn\u00edmky ho l\u00ed\u010dily jako androgynn\u00ed. Nosil fale\u0161n\u00fd plnovous, bedern\u00ed rou\u0161ku a m\u011bl p\u0159evisl\u00e1 prsa s velk\u00fdm \u017ealudkem. Uk\u00e1zalo to jeho pr\u00e1ci udr\u017eovat plodnost ohledn\u011b \u0159eky Nil. Spolu s t\u00edm mu z\u00e1kon\u00edci dali tak\u00e9 modrou nebo zelen\u011b zabarvenou k\u016f\u017ei, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavovala vodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Donald A MacKenzie spekuloval, \u017ee b\u011blav\u00fd bl\u00e1tiv\u00fd Nil m\u00e1 podobnost s ml\u00e9kem. Lid\u00e9 proto spojovali b\u00edl\u00e9 bahnit\u00e9 vody, kter\u00e9 vyt\u00e9kaly z bo\u017e\u00edch prsou, s kojen\u00edm a v\u00fd\u017eivou. Proto\u017ee lid\u00e9 pova\u017eovali Hapi za plodn\u00e9ho, \u200b\u200bn\u011bkdy ho pova\u017eovali za \u201eotce boh\u016f\u201c. Krom\u011b toho ho lid\u00e9 pova\u017eovali za starostliv\u00e9ho otce, kter\u00fd vyrovn\u00e1val vesm\u00edr a d\u011blal jej harmonick\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vliv p\u0159\u00edrody na zobrazen\u00ed Hapi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Lid\u00e9 dali nebo odstranili n\u011bkter\u00e9 atributy Hapi podle oblasti, ve kter\u00e9 \u017eili. V Doln\u00edm Egypt\u011b b\u016fh nosil rostliny papyru a nav\u0161t\u011bvovaly ho \u017e\u00e1by. Naproti tomu Horn\u00ed Egypt m\u011bl hojnost lotosu a krokod\u00fdl\u016f. Lid\u00e9 v t\u00e9to oblasti proto spojili symboly obou s Hapi. Z\u0159\u00eddka lid\u00e9 tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali k zobrazen\u00ed boha modr\u00e9ho hrocha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mnoho obr\u00e1zk\u016f zachycuje Hapiho, jak nese ob\u011bti j\u00eddla nebo nal\u00e9v\u00e1 vodu ze d\u017eb\u00e1nu. Ikonografie devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed zobrazuje Hapiho jako dvojici postav, kter\u00e9 dr\u017e\u00ed a spojuj\u00ed stonky dvou rostlin. Tyto rostliny p\u0159edstavovaly Horn\u00ed a Doln\u00ed Egypt; toto popisovalo vazbu dvou sekc\u00ed kolem symbolu spojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lid\u00e9 naz\u00fdvali Hapi z Horn\u00edho Egypta \u201eHap-Meht\u201c, zat\u00edmco Doln\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 naz\u00fdvali Hapi \u201eHap-Reset\u201c. Dalo by se naj\u00edt tuto symbolickou reprezentaci vytesanou na z\u00e1kladn\u011b sedaj\u00edc\u00edch soch faraona. Nap\u0159\u00edklad lze naj\u00edt kamennou \u0159ezbu Hapi v chr\u00e1mu Luxor<\/a> po stran\u00e1ch sed\u00edc\u00ed postavy Ramesse II<\/a> Colossi. Tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete objevit vyobrazen\u00ed Hapi na ob\u0159\u00edch kolonech Memnonov\u00fdch<\/a> v chr\u00e1mu Amenhotepa III<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Hapi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 chr\u00e1my Hapi, ale v chr\u00e1mech jin\u00fdch bo\u017estev lze naj\u00edt n\u011bkolik soch a reli\u00e9f\u016f boha. Lid\u00e9 uct\u00edvali boha v cel\u00e9 egyptsk\u00e9 zemi, ale nejv\u00edce ho uct\u00edvali u Swenteta a Gebela El-Silsila. Lid\u00e9 uct\u00edvali Khnum, Satet a Ankut v Elephantine spolu s bohem Hapi. Jeho kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed na ostrov\u011b Elephantine m\u011bli nilometr k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed hladin Nilu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 boha Hapiho velmi uct\u00edvali z mnoha d\u016fvod\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b sklizn\u011b a celkov\u00e9ho blaha zem\u011b. Hapi byl nejen ochr\u00e1ncem lidu, ale tak\u00e9 ho pova\u017eovali za podporu samotn\u00e9ho \u017eivota starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta. K tomuto datu lid\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednaj\u00ed na boha s l\u00e1skou a \u00factou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Staroegyptsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed uct\u00edvalo bo\u017estvo Hapi jako boha ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1plav Nilu. Hapi byl jedn\u00edm z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch boh\u016f ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b. \u0158eka Nil ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b zaplavovala a ukl\u00e1dala na b\u0159ehy \u0159eky temnou a bohatou p\u016fdu. Tato p\u016fda byla velmi \u00farodn\u00e1 a umo\u017e\u0148ovala rozkv\u011bt egyptsk\u00fdch plodin. Dalo by se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1plavy Egypta udr\u017eely celou zemi. Tak\u00e9 to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89413,"parent":19611,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"wpai_generated_summary":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-37490","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nB\u016fh Hapi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u016fh Hapi Staroegyptsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed uct\u00edvalo bo\u017estvo Hapi jako boha ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1plav Nilu. byl jedn\u00edm z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch boh\u016f ve\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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