{"id":37669,"date":"2021-09-20T07:35:37","date_gmt":"2021-09-20T05:35:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/?page_id=37669"},"modified":"2021-09-21T08:48:24","modified_gmt":"2021-09-21T06:48:24","slug":"bohyne-anuket","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/egyptska-bozstva\/bohyne-anuket\/","title":{"rendered":"Bohyn\u011b Anuket"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 uct\u00edvali egyptskou bohyni Anuket jako zosobn\u011bn\u00ed \u0159eky Nil<\/a>. Lid\u00e9 ji ozna\u010dovali jako \u201evy\u017eivovatel pol\u00ed\u201c. Nav\u00edc ji tak\u00e9 vid\u011bli jako bo\u017estvo, kter\u00e9 by chr\u00e1nilo \u017eeny p\u0159i porodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A co je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, starov\u011bc\u00ed lid\u00e9 ji pova\u017eovali za ochr\u00e1nkyni doln\u00edho katarakty \u0159eky Nilu. Katarakta je mal\u00e1 d\u00e9lka \u0159eky, kter\u00e1 le\u017e\u00ed mezi Chart\u00famem<\/a> a Asu\u00e1nem<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zde n\u011bkolik mal\u00fdch kamen\u016f rozb\u00edj\u00ed vodn\u00ed hladinu. B\u00edl\u00e1 voda tyto \u00faseky vody \u010dasto p\u0159eru\u0161uje, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 d\u00e9lky maj\u00ed plynul\u00fd, ale m\u011blk\u00fd tok vody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etymologie a ikonografie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b lid\u00e9 naz\u00fdvali bohyni Anuket, Anaka nebo Anqet. Jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no je v p\u0159ekladu \u201eClasper\u201c nebo \u201eEmbracer\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historici nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee to mohlo odkazovat na objet\u00ed vod z\u00e1plavy. Pozd\u011bji \u0158ekov\u00e9 p\u0159evedli jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no na Anoukis a napsali jej jako Anukis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interpretation Greaeca ji pova\u017eovala za ekvivalent Hestie nebo Vesty, panensk\u00e9 bohyn\u011b krbu, domova a rodiny. N\u011bkter\u00e9 minul\u00e9 sn\u00edmky nav\u00edc zobrazuj\u00ed jej\u00ed s\u00e1n\u00ed faraona b\u011bhem Nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Pozd\u011bji ji lid\u00e9 tak\u00e9 vn\u00edmali jako bohyni cht\u00ed\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elephantine Triad of Anuket<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Stejn\u011b jako jej\u00ed matka Satet, lid\u00e9 tak\u00e9 pova\u017eovali Anuket za bohyni lovu zv\u00ed\u0159at. Podle legend byl Anuket sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Elephantine Triad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato trojice se skl\u00e1dala z Khnuma, boha plodnosti s beranem, Sateta, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 bohyn\u011b nilsk\u00e9ho zaplaven\u00ed a jejich dcery Anuket, bohyn\u011b katarakty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elephantine existuje na Asu\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed na hranici mezi Egyptem<\/a> a Nubi\u00ed v Horn\u00edm Egypt\u011b. Slou\u017eil jako kultovn\u00ed centrum v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch boh\u016f. Ostatn\u00ed smlouvy Nilu jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny v N\u00fabii (dne\u0161n\u00ed S\u00fad\u00e1n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e se \u0159eka Nil zaplavila, voda by se dostala do Egypta po pr\u016fchodu Elefantinou. Historie \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee Anuket\u016fv otec Khnum hl\u00eddal a kontroloval vodu \u0159eky. V 18. stolet\u00ed se toto m\u00edsto stalo kultovn\u00edm centrem t\u0159\u00ed boh\u016f<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato trojice chr\u00e1nila Elephantine, kter\u00fd byl n\u011bkolik let hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem st\u00e1tu. Mnoho let tak\u00e9 slou\u017eil jako vojensk\u00e1 pevnost staroegyptsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elephantine tak\u00e9 splnila \u00fa\u010del b\u00fdt centrem obchodu a obchodu s N\u00fabijci. N\u00e1pisy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee svatyni nebo olt\u00e1\u0159 j\u00ed v\u011bnoval faraon 13. dynastie Sobekhotep III. Mnohem pozd\u011bji, b\u011bhem 18. dynastie, Amenhotep II zasv\u011btil bohyni kapli. Chr\u00e1m zasv\u011bcen\u00fd Anuketu stoj\u00ed na ostrov\u011b Seheil<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s Nubi\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011blo ke jm\u00e9nu m\u011bsta Elephantine, proto\u017ee lid\u00e9 ze starov\u011bk\u00e9 civilizace se na tomto ostrov\u011b \u00fa\u010dastnili \u010dil\u00e9ho obchodu se slonovinou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sn\u00edmky z Anuketu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zky symbolizuj\u00ed Anuketa jako gazelu s \u010delenkou z vysok\u00fdch p\u0161tros\u00edch pe\u0159\u00ed. Hieroglyfy pou\u017eit\u00e9 pro jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no se p\u0159ekl\u00e1daj\u00ed do p\u00edsmene A, voda, \u017eensk\u00e1 a sed\u00edc\u00ed bohyn\u011b. Z\u00edskala proto \u201eLady of the Gazelle\u201c a \u201eMistress of Nubia\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00edky n\u00e1padn\u00e9 \u010delence, kterou nosila, bylo Anuketa okam\u017eit\u011b poznat. N\u00e1pisy tak\u00e9 zobrazuj\u00ed, jak dr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzrak a symbol ankh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdrazn\u00e1 a neobvykl\u00e1 \u010delenka obsahovala vysok\u00e9 p\u0161tros\u00ed pe\u0159\u00ed. Historie \u00fazce spojuje Anuket s Nubi\u00ed s tituly jako \u201eMistress of Nubia\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historici naz\u00fdvali korunn\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu pro jej\u00ed \u010delenku jako modius a pou\u017e\u00edvali ji pro v\u011bnec mu\u017esk\u00fdch i \u017eensk\u00fdch boh\u016f. Symbol Anuketu, gazela, byl tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd jej\u00ed matce Satet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zky zobrazovaly Satet jako antilopu. Dalo by se naj\u00edt jak antilopa, tak gazela pasouc\u00ed se na b\u0159ehu \u0159eky Nil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vodn\u00ed bohyn\u011b Anuket<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nilsk\u00fd katarakta m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt docela zr\u00e1dn\u00fd k dobyt\u00ed. Nen\u00ed proto p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee obchodn\u00edci a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci uct\u00edvali bohyni Anuket. Nechali n\u00e1pisy na skal\u00e1ch jako formu horliv\u00e9 modlitby Anuketu. N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk to ud\u011blal, aby z\u00edskal p\u0159\u00edze\u0148 bo\u017estva, kter\u00e9 jim zase zajist\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00fd pr\u016fchod nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi vodami do N\u00fabie. Ud\u011blali to sam\u00e9, aby zajistili bezpe\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat do Egypta p\u0159i cestov\u00e1n\u00ed kataraktou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u016fzn\u00e9 asociace Anuketu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fdty a starov\u011bk\u00e9 tradice konkr\u00e9tn\u011b spojuj\u00ed Anuket se Setet Island a Elephantine. Lid\u00e9 ji pova\u017eovali za bohyni v\u0161eho, co se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ji\u017en\u011b od egyptsk\u00fdch hranic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkter\u00e1 m\u00edsta nav\u00edc zobrazuj\u00ed Anuket i Satet jako man\u017eelky Khnum kv\u016fli slou\u010den\u00ed Khnum s Amunem<\/a> v ji\u017en\u00ed N\u00fabii,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku ji Lores p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u00ed jako dceru Ra<\/a>. \u010casem se v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy zm\u011bnily a Anuketovo spojen\u00ed se Satetem se stalo pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1me do minulosti, m\u016f\u017eeme zjistit, \u017ee Historie nazvala Satet a Anuket \u201eOko Ra\u201c. Tak\u00e9 sta\u0159\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 naz\u00fdvali Sachmet<\/a>, Bast a Hathor<\/a> se stejn\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Legendy tak\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed matku-dceru s kr\u00e1lovskou kobrou na bo\u017e\u00ed korun\u011b (Ureas). Teprve v \u00e9\u0159e Nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e um\u00edstily n\u00e1pisy Anuket do slon\u00ed tri\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spolu se sv\u00fdm \u00fadajn\u00fdm otcem a matkou chr\u00e1nila zdroj \u017eivota pro v\u0161echny Egyp\u0165any.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozd\u011bji lid\u00e9 tak\u00e9 identifikovali Anuketa s Nephthys v chr\u00e1mu \u201ePer-Mer\u201c. Stalo se to kv\u016fli spojen\u00ed Sateta s bohyn\u00ed Isis<\/a> a spojen\u00ed Khnuma s Osirisem<\/a>. Satet i Anuket tedy \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s Isis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Festival Anuket<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Lid\u00e9 rozd\u011blili staroegyptsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 na t\u0159i ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed. Historicky starov\u011bc\u00ed naz\u00fdvali Shemu (\u00fanor-kv\u011bten) za\u010d\u00e1tek obdob\u00ed sklizn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby lid\u00e9 oslavovali sv\u00e1tek Anuket prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm n\u00e1dhern\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fvod\u016f p\u0159es \u0159eku Nil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b toho tento festival tak\u00e9 ocenil Khnum a Satet jako ochr\u00e1nce Nilu. Lid\u00e9 odstra\u0148ovali sochy boh\u016f a zbo\u017en\u011b je um\u00eds\u0165ovali na n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 ob\u0159adn\u00ed barque. Nosili barque na ramenou kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed k v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm lod\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obrovsk\u00e9 pr\u016fvody m\u011bly lidi v\u0161eho druhu, v\u010detn\u011b prost\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f, voj\u00e1k\u016f, kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed, hudebn\u00edk\u016f a tane\u010dn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Festival byl hlasitou a radostnou oslavou, \u017ee lid\u00e9 skon\u010dili hody. Lid\u00e9 tak\u00e9 ctili Anuket h\u00e1zen\u00edm zlata a \u0161perk\u016f do \u0159eky Nil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 slovo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 vd\u011b\u010dili za sv\u016fj \u017eivot sklizni, kterou p\u0159inesla sv\u011b\u017e\u00ed \u0159eka Nil. Bohov\u00e9 a bohyn\u011b spojen\u00e9 s Nilem proto m\u011bli v lidsk\u00fdch srdc\u00edch jedine\u010dn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pova\u017eovali Anuket za ochrann\u00e9 bo\u017estvo, kter\u00e9 by se staralo o jejich cesty p\u0159es vodu. Anuket byl nejen ochr\u00e1ncem, ale tak\u00e9 bohyn\u00ed plodnosti a \u00farody. Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 ji oslavovali slavn\u00fdmi pr\u016fvody, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly velkou d\u00e1vku ok\u00e1zalosti a par\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 uct\u00edvali egyptskou bohyni Anuket jako zosobn\u011bn\u00ed \u0159eky Nil. Lid\u00e9 ji ozna\u010dovali jako \u201evy\u017eivovatel pol\u00ed\u201c. Nav\u00edc ji tak\u00e9 vid\u011bli jako bo\u017estvo, kter\u00e9 by chr\u00e1nilo \u017eeny p\u0159i porodu. A co je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, starov\u011bc\u00ed lid\u00e9 ji pova\u017eovali za ochr\u00e1nkyni doln\u00edho katarakty \u0159eky Nilu. Katarakta je mal\u00e1 d\u00e9lka \u0159eky, kter\u00e1 le\u017e\u00ed mezi Chart\u00famem a Asu\u00e1nem. Zde n\u011bkolik […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":19611,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-37669","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nBohyn\u011b Anuket - Role a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 pozice - Landious Travel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bohyn\u011b Anuket Starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 uct\u00edvali egyptskou bohyni Anuket jako zosobn\u011bn\u00ed \u0159eky Nil. Lid\u00e9 ji ozna\u010dovali jako \u201evy\u017eivovatel pol\u00ed\u201c. 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