{"id":37771,"date":"2021-09-21T11:52:24","date_gmt":"2021-09-21T09:52:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/?page_id=37771"},"modified":"2021-09-22T13:20:16","modified_gmt":"2021-09-22T11:20:16","slug":"buh-aton","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/egyptska-bozstva\/buh-aton\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u016fh Aton"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Historie boha Atona a jeho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je jedn\u00edm z nejkontroverzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f <a href=\"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/dejiny-egypta\/staroegyptska-historie\/\">starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta<\/a>. Star\u00e9 skripty tak\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed boha Atona jako Aton, Atony nebo Itn. Existuje tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch aspekt\u016f p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu boha Atona, kter\u00fd se m\u00edsil s faraonem Achnatonem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bez boha Achnatona nelze pochopit n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed boha Atona. Byl to tento kr\u00e1l, kter\u00fd prominentn\u011b rozeslal r\u00e1zov\u00e9 vlny po cel\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/\">egyptsk\u00e9 <\/a>zemi. Vzestup a p\u00e1d boha Atena bezpochyby prozrazuje velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem. Ukazuje, jak <a href=\"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/faraoni-egypta\/\">kr\u00e1lov\u00e9<\/a> dok\u00e1zali ovl\u00e1dat a ovliv\u0148ovat n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-historie-a-p-vod\">Historie a p\u016fvod<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Slova Aten p\u016fvodn\u011b ozna\u010dovala cokoli, co p\u0159ipom\u00ednalo disk. Slovo se ve Star\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i objevuje jako podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, kter\u00e9 lid\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali k ozna\u010den\u00ed \u010dehokoli ploch\u00e9ho nebo kruhov\u00e9ho. Starov\u011bc\u00ed naz\u00fdvali slunce jako \u201ekotou\u010d dne\u201c, kde s\u00eddlil nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/egyptska-bozstva\/buh-ra\/\">b\u016fh Ra<\/a>. Krom\u011b toho tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvali M\u011bs\u00edc jako \u201est\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fd Aten\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U\u010denec High Nibley pot\u00e9, co pozoroval reli\u00e9fn\u00ed ilustrace Aten, uzav\u0159el n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bc. High Nibley zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee term\u00edn Aten bude odkazovat sp\u00ed\u0161e na gl\u00f3bus nebo kouli ne\u017e na disk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Story of Sinuhe from the 12th Dynasty is the first text about the sun-disk bo\u017estvo, Aten. Text l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed povst\u00e1n\u00ed zesnul\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le, aby se setkal s bohem slune\u010dn\u00edho disku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Postupem \u010dasu lid\u00e9 za\u010dali pou\u017e\u00edvat term\u00edn Aten ve spojen\u00ed se slune\u010dn\u00edmi bo\u017estvy. Slovo vyjad\u0159ovalo slunce jako \u017eivotod\u00e1rnou s\u00edlu sv\u011btla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Popis boha Atona<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podle starov\u011bk\u00fdch text\u016f byl Aten kdysi aspektem nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho boha Ra. Obecn\u011b lid\u00e9 pova\u017eovali Ra za boha slunce a kone\u010dn\u00e9ho d\u00e1rce \u017eivota. O Atenovi je v\u0161ak p\u0159ed Achnatonovou vl\u00e1dou m\u00e1lo informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u011bt\u0161ina dostupn\u00fdch informac\u00ed o bohu poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Velk\u00e9ho chor\u00e1lu do Atenu. Starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 vepsali tuto radostnou b\u00e1se\u0148 na st\u011bny starov\u011bk\u00fdch hrobek v <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/place\/Tell+el+Amarna\/@27.6445082,30.8964352,17z\/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x144527802b434fed:0x38caabadefe40cbf!8m2!3d27.6445082!4d30.8986239\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Amarn\u011b<\/a> nebo Akhetatenu. Toto m\u00edsto se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm b\u0159ehu \u0159eky <a href=\"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/reka-nil\/\">Nil<\/a> a stalo se centrem n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Atenismu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuto b\u00e1se\u0148 napsal s\u00e1m faraon Achnaton, kde popsal boha jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bytost a stvo\u0159itele. Texty popisuj\u00ed Aten jako mu\u017ee i \u017eenu, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed fyzickou podobu. B\u016fh byl paprsky sv\u011btla, kte\u0159\u00ed sestoupili na Zemi, aby ka\u017ed\u00e9mu dali \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vzestup Atona<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lid\u00e9 uct\u00edvali bo\u017estvo Aten ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e za vl\u00e1dy Amenhotepa III. V jeho sil\u00e1ch p\u0159edstavy zobrazovaly boha jako mu\u017ee se sokol\u00ed hlavou, kter\u00fd vypadal podobn\u011b jako Ra. Skute\u010dn\u00fd vzestup bo\u017estva v\u0161ak za\u010dal od vl\u00e1dy n\u00e1stupce Amenhotepa III., Amenhotepa IV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amenhotep IV zm\u011bnil sv\u00e9 jm\u00e9no na Achnaton vlo\u017een\u00edm jm\u00e9na samotn\u00e9ho boha. Za jeho vl\u00e1dy faraon ustanovil boha Atona jako \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edho boha Egypta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Krom\u011b toho u\u010dinil z atenismu st\u00e1tn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, a proto zavedl koncept monoteismu. Tento term\u00edn popisuje uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00edru v jedin\u00e9ho boha na rozd\u00edl od uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkolika <a href=\"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/egyptska-bozstva\/\">boh\u016f<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kultura starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta je \u00fazce spojena s p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch boh\u016f a bohy\u0148. State\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy r\u016fzn\u00fdch boh\u016f obohacuj\u00ed mytologii Egypta. P\u0159edt\u00edm lid\u00e9 ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b v\u017edy uct\u00edvali mnoho boh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pojem monoteismu tedy vyslal po Egypt\u011b \u0161okov\u00e9 vlny. Kr\u00e1l Achnaton trval na tom, \u017ee jedin\u00fd Aten byl jedin\u00fdm bohem zem\u011b. Krom\u011b toho rychle zalo\u017eil n\u011bkolik bo\u017e\u00edch <a href=\"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/egyptske-chramy\/\">chr\u00e1m\u016f<\/a> a zni\u010dil uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jin\u00fdch boh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kr\u00e1l \u0161el o krok nap\u0159ed a pokusil se zbavit obraz\u016f jin\u00fdch bo\u017estev. Postavil hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto s n\u00e1zvem Achnaton nebo Horizon of Aten, kter\u00e9 uct\u00edvalo pouze boha Atona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Achnaton a Aton<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Term\u00edn Achnaton znamen\u00e1 \u201eprav\u00e1 ruka Aton\u201c. Samotn\u00fd n\u00e1zev nazna\u010duje my\u0161lenkov\u00fd proces kr\u00e1le sm\u011brem k bohu. Se zalo\u017een\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Atenism, Achnaton prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee on a jeho man\u017eelka Nefertiti spojen\u00fd s Aton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00edky tomu se kr\u00e1l etabloval jako posel mezi nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bohem a jin\u00fdmi lidsk\u00fdmi bytostmi. \u0158ekl, \u017ee paprsky slune\u010dn\u00edho kotou\u010de udr\u017euj\u00ed \u017eivot pouze v dlan\u00edch kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 rodiny. Krom\u011b toho trval na tom, aby v\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed dostali energii od boha v\u00fdm\u011bnou za v\u011brnost Atenovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Achnaton\u016fv Hymnus pro Aton se zam\u011b\u0159uje na sv\u011bt p\u0159\u00edrody a roli boha v n\u011bm. Chvalozp\u011bv ozna\u010duje oddanost kr\u00e1le v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8222;Aton vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed syna v mat\u010din\u011b l\u016fn\u011b, semeno u mu\u017e\u016f a generuje ve\u0161ker\u00fd \u017eivot.&#8220; Rozli\u0161oval rasy, jejich povahu, jazyky a k\u016f\u017ee a spl\u0148oval pot\u0159eby v\u0161ech. \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u016fzn\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy umo\u017enily historik\u016fm rozlu\u0161tit my\u0161lenkov\u00fd proces za Achnatonov\u00fdm monoteismem. Kr\u00e1l pova\u017eoval slune\u010dn\u00ed paprsky za boha a d\u00e1rce samotn\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00edsto toho, aby v\u011b\u0159il v uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch starov\u011bk\u00fdch egyptsk\u00fdch boh\u016f, rozhodl se ct\u00edt n\u011bco, co mohl vid\u011bt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podle n\u011bj za \u017eivot na Zemi mohly slune\u010dn\u00ed paprsky nebo Aton. Proto bylo bo\u017estvo Aten jedin\u00fdm bohem cel\u00e9 planety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u00e1d Aton<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Atona v\u0161ak po smrti Achnatona upadlo. Sta\u0159\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 toto nov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed n\u00e1siln\u011b odm\u00edtli a vym\u00fdtili ho po z\u00e1niku kr\u00e1le. Egyptsk\u00e1 elita a obecn\u00e9 obyvatelstvo obnovilo star\u00e9 bohy a opustilo nov\u00e9 m\u011bsto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obecn\u00e1 populace mo\u017en\u00e1 nikdy ve skute\u010dnosti nep\u0159ijala radik\u00e1ln\u00ed koncept uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho boha. Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd syn Tutanchamon obnovil kult boha <a href=\"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/egyptska-bozstva\/buh-amun\/\">Amuna<\/a> a zru\u0161il z\u00e1kaz jin\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kone\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1b\u011br<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kult Aton trval po kr\u00e1lov\u011b smrti dal\u0161\u00edch deset a v\u00edce let. Vl\u00e1da jeho syna byla toleranc\u00ed a p\u0159ijet\u00edm. Aten proto p\u0159estal b\u00fdt jedin\u00fdm bohem a Tutanchamon p\u0159estav\u011bl chr\u00e1my, kter\u00e9 jeho otec zboural. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jedn\u00edm z nejkontroverzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tah\u016f kr\u00e1le. Vzestup a p\u00e1d Atenu n\u00e1m bezpochyby p\u0159edstavil zaj\u00edmav\u00fd soci\u00e1ln\u011b-politick\u00fd vzor starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta. Tak\u00e9 n\u00e1m to umo\u017e\u0148uje pochopit vliv n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed na \u017eivot star\u00fdch Egyp\u0165an\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Historie boha Atona a jeho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je jedn\u00edm z nejkontroverzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta. Star\u00e9 skripty tak\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed boha Atona jako Aton, Atony nebo Itn. Existuje tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch aspekt\u016f p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu boha Atona, kter\u00fd se m\u00edsil s faraonem Achnatonem. Bez boha Achnatona nelze pochopit n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed boha Atona. Byl to tento kr\u00e1l, kter\u00fd prominentn\u011b rozeslal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":90307,"parent":19611,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"wpai_generated_summary":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-37771","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>B\u016fh Aton - Role a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 pozice - Landious Travel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u016fh Aton Bez boha Achnatona nelze pochopit n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed boha Atona. 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