{"id":39473,"date":"2021-10-22T02:27:38","date_gmt":"2021-10-22T00:27:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/?page_id=39473"},"modified":"2021-10-23T10:16:09","modified_gmt":"2021-10-23T08:16:09","slug":"tutanchamon","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/cs\/egypt\/faraoni-egypta\/tutanchamon\/","title":{"rendered":"Tutanchamon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Faraon Tutanchamon je jedn\u00edm z nejmajest\u00e1tn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vl\u00e1dc\u016f<\/a> ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b<\/a>. Vl\u00e1dl zhruba od roku 1332-1323 p\u0159. N. L .; je z dynastie XVIII v Nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i. V roce 1922 objevil Howard Carter (anglick\u00fd archeolog) hrobku faraona. Carter na\u0161el tuto hrobku v \u00dadol\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f<\/a>; do t\u00e9 doby st\u00e1l neporu\u0161en\u00fd. Objev se stal obrovskou legend\u00e1rn\u00ed senzac\u00ed a z\u00e1jem lid\u00ed o historii starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta<\/a> se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161il. Tak\u00e9 zlat\u00e1 maska \u200b\u200bTutanchamona v k\u00e1hirsk\u00e9m muzeu<\/a> p\u0159il\u00e1kala spoustu n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f. Smrt \u010dlen\u016f expedice 1922 je st\u00e1le mystick\u00e1. Od t\u00e9 doby mnoho spisovatel\u016f mluvilo o n\u011b\u010dem, co se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201ekletba faraon\u016f<\/a>\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u016fvod Tutanchamona<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 spolehliv\u00e1 data, kter\u00e1 by nazna\u010dovala samotn\u00fd p\u016fvod faraona, existuje pouze ur\u010dit\u00e9 potvrzen\u00ed jeho existence p\u0159ed \u010dasem korunovace, a takov\u00fd je k\u00e1men se slovy: \u201emilovan\u00fd syn faraona z jeho t\u011bla Tutankhaton\u201c. V\u011bdci navrhuj\u00ed takov\u00e9 verze: zaprv\u00e9 – Tutanchamon byl synem faraona Achnatona. Za druh\u00e9-byl synem Smenkhkara, ze\u0165, bratr nebo syn Achnatona. V letech 2007-2009 v\u011bdci prov\u00e1d\u011bli v\u00fdzkum DNA a v\u011bdci dosp\u011bli k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee Tutanchamon byl synem mumie jednoho z hrob\u016f, kde byli Achnaton a princezna, s nov\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem z jin\u00e9 hrobky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tutanchamon\u016fv \u017eivot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i narozen\u00ed dostal jm\u00e9no Tutankhaton; po otcov\u011b smrti a ve druh\u00e9m roce jeho vl\u00e1dy nesl titul Tutanchamon. Jeho man\u017eelka je kr\u00e1lovna Ankhesenpaaton, kter\u00e1 byla jednou z dcer Achnatona a Nefertiti. V jejich man\u017eelstv\u00ed odpo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed dv\u011b zesnul\u00e9 dcery v hrobce Tutanchamona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pot\u00e9, co Achnaton zem\u0159el, p\u0159e\u0161la vl\u00e1da na Smenkhkaru a bezejmennou kr\u00e1lovnu, kter\u00e1 mohla b\u00fdt regentkou pod mal\u00fdm Tutanchamonem. Po n\u00e1stupu na tr\u016fn v deseti letech z\u016fstal Tutanchamon t\u0159i roky na sv\u00e9m dvo\u0159e v Akhetatonu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pravidlo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tutanchamon se naz\u00fdval prim\u00e1rn\u00edm a p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm d\u011bdicem Amenhotepa III., Kter\u00fd byl jeho d\u011bde\u010dkem. Ve druh\u00e9m roce sv\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy zm\u011bnil on a jeho man\u017eelka na po\u010dest Amuna<\/a> sv\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na. Jedno takov\u00e9 slovo znamenalo \u201eUspokojit bohy<\/a>\u201c. Za vl\u00e1dy Tutanchamona Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b intenzivn\u011b obnovovali svatyn\u011b opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 za vl\u00e1dy Achnatona. Byli v Egypt\u011b<\/a>, v Kush a Kawa<\/a>. Po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b Horemheb zni\u010dil v\u0161echny Tutanchamonovy kartu\u0161e a p\u0159ivlastnil si pam\u00e1tky pro sebe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tutanchamon si p\u0159ivlastnil privilegia kn\u011b\u017e\u00edm, zp\u011bv\u00e1k\u016fm a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdm slu\u017eebn\u00edk\u016fm. Vydal rozkaz vyr\u00e1b\u011bt lod\u011b pro ob\u0159ady vyroben\u00e9 z nejjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho cedru a pokryt\u00e9 zlatem. Byl velmi u\u010denliv\u00fd a \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci a kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed toho vyu\u017eili a ovl\u00e1dli ho. Ey byl jeho regent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159esun do Memphisu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pot\u00e9, co Tutanchamon opustil Akhetaton, se p\u0159est\u011bhoval do Memphisu a tam se usadil. N\u011bkdy nav\u0161t\u00edvil ji\u017en\u00ed hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto a z\u00fa\u010dastnil se festivalu Amun, kter\u00e9ho chv\u00e1lil, a mnoha boh\u016f. V 9. ro\u010dn\u00edku vl\u00e1dy Tutanchamona p\u0159evzal vinice chr\u00e1m Slunce. Kresby Slunce a Achnatona z\u016fstaly nedot\u010den\u00e9 a v dochovan\u00fdch osobn\u00edch z\u00e1znamech si faraon \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201esyn Atona<\/a>\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pot\u00e9, co si Tutanchamon vybral za hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Memphis, postavili \u0161lechtici v nekropoli Sakkara mnoho hrobek. Hrobka vojensk\u00e9ho velitele Horemheba, pokladn\u00edka a architekta Maya, je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 svou n\u00e1dhernou a elegantn\u00ed v\u00fdzdobou. V Th\u00e9b\u00e1ch je dokonale zachov\u00e1na hrobka \u0161lechtice Amenhotepa Kheviho, kter\u00fd byl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdm guvern\u00e9rem N\u00fabie. V Ji\u017en\u00ed N\u00fabii dokon\u010dil rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd komplex chr\u00e1mu Amenhotepa III<\/a>., Byl instalov\u00e1n Amun\u016fv chr\u00e1m v Kaw\u011b a svatyn\u011b Tutanchamona ve Farasu<\/a>. Na pokyn Tutanchamona dokon\u010dili sta\u0159\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 kolon\u00e1du Amenhotep v chr\u00e1mu Luxor<\/a> a tak\u00e9 postavili chr\u00e1m v G\u00edze. Jeho poh\u0159ebn\u00ed chr\u00e1m, \u0161\u00edlen\u011b kr\u00e1sn\u011b zdoben\u00fd polychromovan\u00fdmi p\u00edskovcov\u00fdmi kolosy, se nach\u00e1zel nedaleko Medinet Habu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dasp\u011bchy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Za vl\u00e1dy Tutanchamona z\u00edskal budouc\u00ed faraon Horemheb sv\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v S\u00fdrii, v souvislosti s t\u00edm p\u0159iplula do Karnaku<\/a> kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 lo\u010f, v kleci, kde byl Sy\u0159an. Za jeho vl\u00e1dy do\u0161lo v N\u00fabii k velmi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed a jm\u00e9nem faraona tvrdil, \u017ee chr\u00e1my <\/a>vyplnil d\u00edky sv\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 ko\u0159isti. N\u00e1pis na hrobce Amenhotepa (guvern\u00e9ra N\u00fabie) nazna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 syrsk\u00e9 kmeny pravideln\u011b vzd\u00e1valy hold. Jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f za vl\u00e1dy faraona Tutanchamona bylo odm\u00edtnut\u00ed atonismu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historici pova\u017eovali Tutanchamona za men\u0161\u00edho vl\u00e1dce, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 do dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za jednu z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v historii Egypta, kdy\u017e archeologov\u00e9 na\u0161li hrobku Tutanchamona. Byl to Howard Carter. Lupi\u010di hrobek se j\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b nedotkli. Archeologov\u00e9 v\u0161ak na\u0161li stopy po kr\u00e1de\u017ei, ale n\u011bkdo se stal lupi\u010d\u016fm p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou a nemohl vykonat pr\u00e1ci, kterou zapo\u010dali), co\u017e jim pomohlo st\u00e1t se v na\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b velmi slavn\u00fdm Tutanchamonem. Hrobka je ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi dynastiemi XIII. Mal\u00e1, tak\u017ee pro faraona byla zpo\u010d\u00e1tku nezam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 mu postavili dal\u0161\u00ed hrobku. Nestihli dokon\u010dit p\u0159ed okam\u017eikem jeho smrti. Ale velmi dob\u0159e to vybavili, kdy\u017e vl\u00e1dce zem\u0159el. Howard Carter na\u0161el v hrobce Tutanchamona mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed: N\u00e1dob\u00ed, k\u0159eslo, postel, lampy, \u0161perky a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edho. Egyptsk\u00e9 muzeum vystavilo tuto sb\u00edrku. Vl\u00e1da se v\u0161ak rozhodla p\u0159esunout st\u00e1tn\u00ed pokladny do Velk\u00e9ho egyptsk\u00e9ho muzea v G\u00edze. Druh\u00e9 muzeum se otev\u00edr\u00e1 v roce 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak zem\u0159el Tutanchamon?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zem\u0159el ve v\u011bku 19 let a byl poh\u0159ben v \u00dadol\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f. Existuje n\u011bkolik mo\u017en\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f jeho smrti. V prvn\u00ed verzi historici p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee vra\u017edu \u0159\u00eddil regent Eye, kter\u00fd brzy po konci Tutanchamona zaujal jeho m\u00edsto. Dal\u0161\u00ed verze si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee zem\u0159el na zran\u011bn\u00ed hlavy. Pozd\u011bji to v\u011bdci vyvr\u00e1tili d\u00edky po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 tomografii, kde nena\u0161li \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 po\u0161kozen\u00ed. Mal\u00e1 mezera v lebce jen nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se objevila kv\u016fli Tutanchamonov\u011b mumifikaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 2010 v\u011bdci navrhli, \u017ee mohl zem\u0159\u00edt na z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 mol\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee detekovali virus pomoc\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed DNA. Tato verze je velmi v\u011brohodn\u00e1, proto\u017ee archeologov\u00e9 na\u0161li v hrobce l\u00e9ky k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b t\u00e9to nemoci. Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enou mo\u017enost\u00ed smrti je spadnout z vozu b\u011bhem loveck\u00e9 sez\u00f3ny, proto\u017ee fara\u00f3nova smrt nastala v Egypt\u011b b\u011bhem loveck\u00e9 sez\u00f3ny. P\u00e1t\u00e1 verze, kterou soudn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i vyt\u00e1hli, \u017ee ho n\u011bkdo zabil pomoc\u00ed zbran\u011b podobn\u00e9 seker\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee Tutanchamonova rodina trp\u011bla r\u016fzn\u00fdmi genetick\u00fdmi chorobami. Smrt Tutanchamona byla n\u00e1hl\u00e1. Nezanechal po sob\u011b d\u011bdice, kte\u0159\u00ed by mohli zaujmout jeho m\u00edsto, co\u017e vedlo k velk\u00fdm pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm. Obdob\u00ed, kter\u00e9 za\u010dalo po jeho smrti, je pon\u011bkud nejasn\u00e9 a bylo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemo\u017en\u00e9 jej studovat. Existuje jen n\u011bkolik p\u0159edpoklad\u016f o tom, kdo se stal dal\u0161\u00edm vl\u00e1dcem. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed verze je, \u017ee moc p\u0159e\u0161la na Ay a po n\u011bm na Horemheba. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd z t\u011bchto vl\u00e1dc\u016f nezanechal po sob\u011b d\u011bdice, co\u017e vedlo ke konci 18. dynastie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Faraon Tutanchamon je jedn\u00edm z nejmajest\u00e1tn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vl\u00e1dc\u016f ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b. Vl\u00e1dl zhruba od roku 1332-1323 p\u0159. N. L .; je z dynastie XVIII v Nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i. V roce 1922 objevil Howard Carter (anglick\u00fd archeolog) hrobku faraona. Carter na\u0161el tuto hrobku v \u00dadol\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f; do t\u00e9 doby st\u00e1l neporu\u0161en\u00fd. Objev se stal obrovskou legend\u00e1rn\u00ed senzac\u00ed a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":118075,"parent":33107,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"wpai_generated_summary":"","_wpcom_ai_launchpad_about_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_gallery_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_contact_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_events_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_video_page":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_portfolio_piece":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-39473","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nTutanchamon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tutanchamon je jedn\u00edm z nejmajest\u00e1tn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vl\u00e1dc\u016f ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b. Vl\u00e1dl zhruba od roku 1332-1323 p\u0159. N. 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