{"id":3413,"date":"2019-03-26T05:55:04","date_gmt":"2019-03-26T03:55:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/?page_id=3413"},"modified":"2019-07-16T01:16:17","modified_gmt":"2019-07-15T23:16:17","slug":"temple-reine-hatchepsout","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/fr\/egypte\/temples-egyptiens\/temple-reine-hatchepsout\/","title":{"rendered":"Temple de la reine Hatchepsout"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le temple comm\u00e9moratif de la reine Hatchepsout \u00e0 Deir El-Bahri est l’un des plus importants que nous ayons en \u00c9gypte<\/a>. En m\u00eame temps, c’est un temple inhabituel dans la fa\u00e7on dont il a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit. Le temple est devenu une v\u00e9ritable merveille d’ing\u00e9nierie des anciens constructeurs. Aujourd’hui, il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’une des structures les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de l’architecture \u00e9gyptienne antique<\/a>.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La construction du temple fun\u00e9raire a commenc\u00e9 pendant la vie de Hatchepsout. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit par l’architecte de la cour Senmut. Senmut, l’architecte, s’est pr\u00e9par\u00e9 une tombe secr\u00e8te et a laiss\u00e9 son portrait dans l’un des coins secrets de ce temple.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le temple d’Hatchepsout a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 du temple du pharaon Mentouhotep Ier, qui \u00e9tait v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’anc\u00eatre des pharaons de la XVIIIe dynastie. La zone o\u00f9 se trouve le temple d’Hatshepsut porte le nom arabe _ Deir el-Bahri. Par sa taille \u00e9norme et son abondance en ornements d\u00e9coratifs, ce temple d\u00e9passe toutes les autres structures similaires de l\u2019\u00c9gypte ancienne. Il se d\u00e9tache nettement avec une vue sur les temples de l’Egypte ancienne.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le temple d’Hatchepsout est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme semi-rocailleux _ les pi\u00e8ces au sol y sont combin\u00e9es avec un sanctuaire, creus\u00e9 dans les rochers. Le temple se compose de trois marches-terrasses, superpos\u00e9es et reli\u00e9es par de douces rampes d’escalier.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La terrasse inf\u00e9rieure, qui sert de cour centrale, est entour\u00e9e d’un mur d\u00e9cor\u00e9 de statues de pierre de faucon. De l’ouest, la cour est ferm\u00e9e par un portique \u00e0 22 colonnes, divis\u00e9 au milieu par une rampe d’escalier. Des figures monumentales repr\u00e9sentant des lions encadraient le monument. Sur les c\u00f4t\u00e9s du portique se dressent des figures colossales de la reine Hatchepsout, hautes de 8 m\u00e8tres. Ces statues ont la forme du dieu Osiris. Le portique est d\u00e9cor\u00e9 de reliefs peints repr\u00e9sentant la reine Hatchepsout pi\u00e9tinant les ennemis et sacrifiant le dieu Amon<\/a>. Vous pouvez voir ici des sc\u00e8nes de d\u00e9fil\u00e9s militaires, une cha\u00eene d’esclaves et des \u00e9pisodes de travaux de construction.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un escalier qui traverse le portique m\u00e8ne \u00e0 la deuxi\u00e8me terrasse. Une fois en son centre, il y avait un \u00e9tang artificiel entour\u00e9 d’arbres. La partie ouest de la terrasse est \u00e9galement orn\u00e9e d’un portique \u00e0 colonnes monolithiques t\u00e9tra\u00e9driques, diss\u00e9qu\u00e9 par un escalier et servant de base \u00e0 la troisi\u00e8me terrasse sup\u00e9rieure. Sur les murs du portique sont conserv\u00e9es des compositions en relief d\u00e9di\u00e9es \u00e0 la vie de la reine Hatchepsout. Ici, la m\u00e8re de la future souveraine d’Egypte, la reine Ahmes, est mari\u00e9e au dieu Amun-Ra. Puis il y a des sc\u00e8nes de la naissance d’Hatshepsout de ce mariage \u00abdivin\u00bb, de son couronnement, des b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions de la d\u00e9esse Hathor, etc. \u00c0 l’extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 oppos\u00e9e de la terrasse, des reliefs illustrant une exp\u00e9dition envoy\u00e9e par la reine au pays l\u00e9gendaire de Punt et ramener de nombreux bijoux et plantes rares. Selon la plupart des chercheurs, le pays Punt devrait \u00eatre compris comme la c\u00f4te est de l\u2019Afrique. Le m\u00eame pays \u00e9tait probablement connu dans l’Antiquit\u00e9 par les habitants du Moyen-Orient sous le nom d’Ophir. Les reliefs repr\u00e9sentent des singes, des panth\u00e8res, des girafes, des cabanes sur pilotis – sc\u00e8nes typiquement africaines.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’escalier menant \u00e0 la terrasse sup\u00e9rieure est d\u00e9cor\u00e9 de sculptures de cobras g\u00e9ants, \u00e0 l’arri\u00e8re desquels se trouve un faucon. Ce sont des figures h\u00e9raldiques symbolisant la Haute-\u00c9gypte (cobra) et la Basse-Faucon, et toute la composition est destin\u00e9e \u00e0 personnifier l’unit\u00e9 de l’\u00c9gypte. L’\u00e9chelle est encadr\u00e9e par une paire de sphinx en granit rouge d’Assouan<\/a>.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La terrasse sup\u00e9rieure \u00e9tait destin\u00e9e aux principaux rituels du temple. Voici l’entr\u00e9e du sanctuaire d’Hatshepsut taill\u00e9 dans les rochers. La fa\u00e7ade du sanctuaire est un portique avec des colonnes \u00e0 quatre c\u00f4t\u00e9s, devant chacune desquelles se trouvait autrefois une statue monumentale de la reine. Ces \u00e9normes statues \u00e9taient visibles loin des navires qui naviguent sur le Nil. Toute la terrasse \u00e9tait entour\u00e9e de colonnes. Ici il y avait plusieurs petites \u00e9glises de chapelle. Le sanctuaire de la d\u00e9esse Hathor, patronne de la reine Hatchepsout, \u00e9tait situ\u00e9 dans l’aile sud du portique.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au fond de la colonnade du portique s’ouvre un myst\u00e9rieux labyrinthe de salles souterraines taill\u00e9es dans les rochers. Les sols des halls \u00e9taient recouverts de plaques d’or et d’argent, les portes en c\u00e8dre \u00e9taient incrust\u00e9es de bronze, les murs \u00e9taient d\u00e9cor\u00e9s de colonnes \u00e0 facettes et les arches \u00e9taient recouvertes de reliefs peints de couleurs vives. L’entr\u00e9e du hall principal \u00e9tait encadr\u00e9e par des statues de trois m\u00e8tres de la reine Hatchepsout en forme de dieu Osiris et ses portes \u00e9taient en \u00abcuivre noir\u00bb incrust\u00e9 d’\u00e9lectre (alliage d’or et d’argent).<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans le hall principal du sanctuaire souterrain, il y avait une immense statue de la reine en marbre. Malheureusement, seuls des fragments en ont surv\u00e9cu. Au total, il y avait plus de deux cents statues dans le temple, dont 140 sphinx. Les sculptures du temple d’Hatchepsout sont les exemples les plus remarquables de l’art \u00e9gyptien antique de la XVIIIe dynastie. Ils repr\u00e9sentent la reine Hatchepsout sous trois formes: sous la forme d’un pharaon, sous la forme du dieu Osiris et sous la forme d’un sphinx. Ces portraits ont apport\u00e9 \u00e0 nos jours l’apparence de l’ancien souverain: un visage ovale r\u00e9tr\u00e9ci jusqu’au menton, une petite bouche, des yeux en amande sous de larges arcades sourcili\u00e8res, des paupi\u00e8res maquill\u00e9es \u00e0 l’aide d’un maquillage s’\u00e9tendant jusqu’aux tempes \u2026 Sur toutes les statues, les sculpteurs essayaient de reproduire exactement le portrait ressemblant, mais si de grandes statues (de 8 \u00e0 5 m de haut), qui faisaient partie de l’ext\u00e9rieur du temple, ne pr\u00e9sentaient que la ressemblance g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et reproduisaient les traits les plus caract\u00e9ristiques. , les statues du sanctuaire principal, qui avaient un caract\u00e8re culte, devinrent les premiers grands ma\u00eetres et reproduisaient d\u2019une mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s fine et douce l\u2019aspect portrait de la reine.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La d\u00e9coration luxueuse du temple d’Hatchepsout n’a pas dur\u00e9 longtemps. Apr\u00e8s la mort de la reine, l’h\u00e9riti\u00e8re l\u00e9gitime de Thutmos III, qui est mont\u00e9 sur le tr\u00f4ne, a d’abord ordonn\u00e9 de d\u00e9truire toutes les images de son pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur dans tout le pays et d’effacer toutes les inscriptions o\u00f9 son nom \u00e9tait mentionn\u00e9. Toutes les sculptures du temple ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bris\u00e9es et enterr\u00e9es \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, o\u00f9 plusieurs si\u00e8cles plus tard, elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvertes par des arch\u00e9ologues.<\/amp-fit-text><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le temple comm\u00e9moratif de la reine Hatchepsout \u00e0 Deir El-Bahri est l’un des plus importants que nous ayons en \u00c9gypte. En m\u00eame temps, c’est un temple inhabituel dans la fa\u00e7on dont il a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit. Le temple est devenu une v\u00e9ritable merveille d’ing\u00e9nierie des anciens constructeurs. Aujourd’hui, il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’une des structures les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3401,"parent":3123,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":"","big_sky_generated":false},"class_list":["post-3413","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nTemple de la reine Hatchepsout - Genius Architechture - Landious Travel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le temple comm\u00e9moratif de la reine Hatchepsout \u00e0 Deir El-Bahri est l'un des plus importants que nous ayons en \u00c9gypte. En m\u00eame temps, c'est un temple inhabituel dans la fa\u00e7on dont il a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit. Le temple est devenu une v\u00e9ritable merveille d'ing\u00e9nierie des anciens constructeurs. Aujourd'hui, il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l'une des structures les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de l'architecture \u00e9gyptienne antique\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/fr\/egypte\/temples-egyptiens\/temple-reine-hatchepsout\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Temple de la reine Hatchepsout\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le temple comm\u00e9moratif de la reine Hatchepsout \u00e0 Deir El-Bahri est l'un des plus importants que nous ayons en \u00c9gypte. En m\u00eame temps, c'est un temple inhabituel dans la fa\u00e7on dont il a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit. Le temple est devenu une v\u00e9ritable merveille d'ing\u00e9nierie des anciens constructeurs. 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