{"id":38550,"date":"2021-10-01T22:56:24","date_gmt":"2021-10-01T20:56:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/?page_id=38550"},"modified":"2021-10-02T15:11:55","modified_gmt":"2021-10-02T13:11:55","slug":"deesse-mout","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/fr\/egypte\/divinites-egyptiennes\/deesse-mout\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9esse Mout"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Les anciens \u00c9gyptiens adoraient la divinit\u00e9 Mout en tant que d\u00e9esse m\u00e8re. La traduction litt\u00e9rale de son nom est m\u00e8re, selon l’ancienne langue \u00e9gyptienne. Comme d’autres d\u00e9esses, les attributs associ\u00e9s \u00e0 Mout ont \u00e9volu\u00e9 et se sont diversifi\u00e9s au cours des mille ans de la culture \u00e9gyptienne antique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les gens consid\u00e9raient Mut comme une divinit\u00e9 primordiale et la reliaient aux eaux primordiales de la d\u00e9esse Nu qui a donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 tout dans le monde. Mout est l’une des divinit\u00e9s<\/a> essentielles des pages de l’histoire \u00e9gyptienne<\/a> car elle lui attribue la cr\u00e9ation de la vie elle-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTable Of Contents\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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  1. Origine de Mout<\/a>
  2. Imagerie de Mout<\/a>
  3. L'histoire de Mout, Amon et Ra<\/a>
  4. Liens familiaux de la d\u00e9esse Mout<\/a>
  5. Associations de la D\u00e9esse<\/a>
  6. Le culte de Mout<\/a>
  7. F\u00eate de Mout<\/a>
  8. Conclusion<\/a><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n

    Origine de Mout<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Les gens croyaient que Mut est originaire d’une d\u00e9esse locale dans le delta du Nil<\/a>. Initialement, les textes anciens identifiaient Mut comme la m\u00e8re du cosmos, ce qui lui donnait les caract\u00e9ristiques de la divinit\u00e9 cr\u00e9atrice. Plus tard, elle rev\u00eatit les attributs de nombreuses autres d\u00e9esses et en rempla\u00e7a \u00e9galement certaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    De plus, Mout est devenue une d\u00e9esse nationale lorsque le dieu Amon<\/a>, chef supr\u00eame des dieux<\/a> et dieu du vent, a pris la place d’un patron \u00e0 Th\u00e8bes. Cela s’est produit au 21e si\u00e8cle avant J.-C., ce qui a entra\u00een\u00e9 une forte augmentation de la popularit\u00e9 de Mut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Imagerie de Mout<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Les images d\u00e9couvertes par les arch\u00e9ologues repr\u00e9sentent Mut comme une femme orn\u00e9e des ailes d’un vautour. Certaines photos la montrent uniquement sous la forme d’un vautour portant la couronne de la royaut\u00e9. Tr\u00e8s souvent, les images de Mout la montraient portant la double couronne d’\u00c9gypte<\/a> ou la coiffe de vautour des reines du Nouvel Empire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    De plus, les images repr\u00e9sentent Mout comme une femme \u00e0 t\u00eate de lionne ou de vache, de cobra, etc. Les anciens \u00c9gyptiens consid\u00e9raient le vautour comme plus proche de dieu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cela pourrait \u00eatre d\u00fb \u00e0 la puissance et \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 du faucon \u00e0 voler haut dans le ciel ou \u00e0 sa grande envergure. Il est possible que les anciens \u00c9gyptiens se soient inspir\u00e9s du vautour et aient distill\u00e9 ces qualit\u00e9s maternelles dans Mut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    L’histoire de Mout, Amon et Ra<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Mut a \u00e9galement repris le poste de la femme d’origine d’Amon, Amaunet<\/a>, qui \u00e9tait la d\u00e9esse invisible. Comme Amon \u00e9tait le dieu des pharaons<\/a>, les gens consid\u00e9raient Mut comme leur m\u00e8re, renfor\u00e7ant ainsi son association avec les reines \u00e9gyptiennes. Mut est devenu populaire aupr\u00e8s du pharaon Hatchepsout et de Befertari Merytmut, l’\u00e9pouse principale du roi Rams\u00e8s II<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    L’autorit\u00e9 d’Amon a diminu\u00e9 avec la progression du temps, et l’histoire l’a fusionn\u00e9 avec le dieu solaire Ra<\/a> en tant que divinit\u00e9 Amon-Ra. Cela a en outre conduit \u00e0 l’assimilation de Mout \u00e0 Hathor<\/a>, la m\u00e8re d’Horus<\/a> et l’\u00e9pouse de Ra. Par cons\u00e9quent, Mout a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 du titre d'”Eil de Ra” que les l\u00e9gendes lient \u00e0 Sekhmet<\/a>, Hathor, Tefnout, Bast<\/a> et Ouadjet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Les gens consid\u00e9raient “l’\u0153il de Ra” comme la fille du dieu solaire Ra qui a pris la forme d’un lion. Le grand animal incarnait la f\u00e9rocit\u00e9 et la chaleur du soleil lui-m\u00eame. Mais comme les gens adoraient \u00e9galement Mut comme la \u00ab M\u00e8re du soleil en qui il se l\u00e8ve \u00bb, elle est devenue la m\u00e8re et la fille de Ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Liens familiaux de la d\u00e9esse Mout<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Selon les \u00e9critures anciennes, Mut n’avait pas de parents car les l\u00e9gendes disent qu’elle \u00e9tait la grande m\u00e8re. Cependant, bien qu’\u00e9tant la d\u00e9esse m\u00e8re, elle n’a pas donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 ses enfants. Plut\u00f4t que cela, elle a adopt\u00e9 les dieux de la guerre et de la lune, respectivement Menthu et Khonsu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Les anciens \u00c9gyptiens de Louxor<\/a> ont construit le temple d’Amon, o\u00f9 ils adoraient la triade th\u00e9baine. Cette triade \u00e9tait compos\u00e9e d’Amon, de son \u00e9pouse Mout et de leur fils Khonsou pendant les 18e et 25e dynasties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Associations de la D\u00e9esse<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Les textes anciens lient \u00e9troitement Mut avec plusieurs autres d\u00e9esses \u00e9minentes. Il comprend Isis<\/a> et Nut, faisant d’elle une partie de diverses divinit\u00e9s composites. Avec Isis et Nekhbet<\/a>, la d\u00e9esse Mout a form\u00e9 le dieu appel\u00e9 “Mut-Isis-Nekhbet, la Grande M\u00e8re et Dame”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Les historiens ont d\u00e9couvert des images qui repr\u00e9sentent la d\u00e9esse comme une divinit\u00e9 ail\u00e9e avec des pieds l\u00e9onins, un p\u00e9nis en \u00e9rection et trois t\u00eates. Les trois t\u00eates \u00e9taient : des bustes de lionne avec la double coiffe \u00e0 plumes de Min, un vautour avec la couronne rouge de Basse Egypte et une femme orn\u00e9e de la double couronne d’Egypte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Une autre imagerie comprend Mut dans un trio avec Bast et Sekhmet en tant que divinit\u00e9 Sekhmet-Bast-Ra. Cette figure de culte avait \u00e9galement trois t\u00eates : un lion avec une coiffe \u00e0 plumes, une femme avec une double couronne et un vautour avec un double chapeau \u00e0 plumes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Le Livre des Morts mentionne cette forme particuli\u00e8re de Mout comme le protecteur des morts. Ses autres formes de culte comprenaient Mut-Wdjet-Bast, Mut-Sekhmet-Bast-Menhet et Mut-Temt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Le culte de Mout<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    On peut encore trouver les temples de Mout dans l’Egypte et le Soudan<\/a> d’aujourd’hui. Il refl\u00e8te la popularit\u00e9 et la d\u00e9votion dont Mout jouissait dans les temps anciens. Le centre de culte des d\u00e9esses au Soudan est devenu le temple Mout du Djebel Barkal, alors qu’en Egypte, il est devenu le temple de Karnak<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Selon l’histoire, ce temple abritait la statue consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme l’incarnation de son Ka actuel. Le culte quotidien de Mout comprenait la pratique de rituels par le roi et ses pr\u00eatresses. Nous pouvons remarquer que les reliefs int\u00e9rieurs du temple repr\u00e9sentent des sc\u00e8nes de pr\u00eatresses adorant Mout. De mani\u00e8re unique, ces reliefs sont les seules images restantes de femmes administrant le culte de l’\u00e9poque \u00e9gyptienne antique<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, le pharaon Hatchepsout ordonna la reconstruction du temple consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 Mout \u00e0 Karnak. Hatchepsout a commenc\u00e9 la tradition de la repr\u00e9sentation de Mout avec les couronnes de la Haute et de la Basse Egypte. Certains historiens pensent qu’Amenhotep III a supprim\u00e9 la plupart des signes d’Hatchepsout et s’est attribu\u00e9 le m\u00e9rite du projet qu’elle a construit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    F\u00eate de Mout<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Au Nouvel Empire, la ville de Th\u00e8bes c\u00e9l\u00e9brait la F\u00eate de Mout en grande pompe et en grand spectacle. Les citoyens ont plac\u00e9 une statue de Mout sur la barque et l’ont fait naviguer autour du lac sacr\u00e9, Isheru. Une autre c\u00e9r\u00e9monie au cours de la nouvelle ann\u00e9e a c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 Amon voyageant du temple de Louxor<\/a> \u00e0 Karnak pour visiter Mout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Les anciens \u00c9gyptiens adoraient Mut comme \u00ab Mut, la grande dame d’Isheru, la Dame du Ciel et la Reine des Dieux \u00bb. Ces titres sont une excellente repr\u00e9sentation du pouvoir dont Mut jouissait \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque. Le culte de Mut a dur\u00e9 une bonne partie de la p\u00e9riode romaine, apr\u00e8s quoi ses temples<\/a> sont tomb\u00e9s. Mais les histoires et les images de Mout vivent toujours dans l’\u00c9gypte moderne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Les anciens \u00c9gyptiens adoraient la divinit\u00e9 Mout en tant que d\u00e9esse m\u00e8re. La traduction litt\u00e9rale de son nom est m\u00e8re, selon l’ancienne langue \u00e9gyptienne. Comme d’autres d\u00e9esses, les attributs associ\u00e9s \u00e0 Mout ont \u00e9volu\u00e9 et se sont diversifi\u00e9s au cours des mille ans de la culture \u00e9gyptienne antique. Les gens consid\u00e9raient Mut comme une divinit\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89858,"parent":3616,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-38550","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00e9esse Mout<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00e9esse Mout Les anciens \u00c9gyptiens adoraient la divinit\u00e9 Mout en tant que d\u00e9esse m\u00e8re. 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