{"id":34825,"date":"2021-08-03T18:15:30","date_gmt":"2021-08-03T16:15:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/?page_id=34825"},"modified":"2021-08-03T18:15:34","modified_gmt":"2021-08-03T16:15:34","slug":"bogini-neftyda","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/pl\/egipt\/egipskie-bostwa\/bogini-neftyda\/","title":{"rendered":"Bogini Neftyda"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kultura staro\u017cytnego Egiptu uznaje Neftyd\u0119, znan\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c jako Nebet-Het, za pot\u0119\u017cn\u0105 bogini\u0119. Nale\u017ca\u0142a do Wielkiej Enneady z Heliopolis z mitologii egipskiej. Mity rozpoznaj\u0105 Neftyd\u0119 jako c\u00f3rk\u0119 boga Geba <\/a>i bogini Nut. Mitologia \u0142\u0105czy sam\u0105 bogini\u0119 z Izyd\u0105,<\/a> jej siostr\u0105, w obrz\u0119dach pogrzebowych.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obaj byli obro\u0144cami mumii. Co wi\u0119cej, bogini by\u0142a tak\u017ce siostr\u0105 i \u017con\u0105 boga Seta<\/a>. Mitologia kojarzy Neftyd\u0119 z \u017ca\u0142ob\u0105, noc\u0105, porodem, magi\u0105, nabo\u017ce\u0144stwem \u015bwi\u0105tynnym, ochron\u0105, balsamowaniem i piwem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ikonografia bogini Neftydy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201eNeftyda\u201d dos\u0142ownie oznacza \u201ePani Domu\u201d. Wiele os\u00f3b w przesz\u0142o\u015bci pomyli\u0142o dos\u0142owne t\u0142umaczenie jej imienia i zidentyfikowa\u0142o j\u0105 jako pani\u0105, kt\u00f3ra rz\u0105dzi domem. B\u0142\u0105d powtarza si\u0119 w wielu opowie\u015bciach zwi\u0105zanych z jej b\u00f3stwem. Jednak nazwa bogi\u0144 oznacza konkretnie \u201ePani Zamkni\u0119tej \u015awi\u0105tyni\u201d. To bezpo\u015brednio \u0142\u0105czy j\u0105 z rol\u0105 kap\u0142anki.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Najprawdopodobniej sam tytu\u0142 to tylko pseudonim opisuj\u0105cy funkcj\u0119 Neftydy. \u0141\u0105czy j\u0105 z jedn\u0105 konkretn\u0105 \u015bwi\u0105tyni\u0105 lub specjalnym egipskim rytua\u0142em \u015bwi\u0105tynnym. Dodatkowo Neftyda i Izyda reprezentuj\u0105 monumentaln\u0105 bram\u0119 staro\u017cytnej egipskiej \u015bwi\u0105tyni<\/a>. Wej\u015bcie to symbolizowa\u0142o siostry i Akhet czyli horyzont.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Relacje bogini<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Teksty piramid z pi\u0105tej dynastii opisuj\u0105 Neftyd\u0119 jako bogini\u0119 heliopolitycznej Enneady. Neftyda jest siostr\u0105 Ozyrysa<\/a>, Izydy i wojowniczego b\u00f3stwa Seta. W przeciwie\u0144stwie do Izydy, kt\u00f3ra reprezentuje do\u015bwiadczenie narodzin, Neftyda symbolizuje do\u015bwiadczenie \u015bmierci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niewiele staro\u017cytnych egipskich teologii \u015bwi\u0105tynnych nazywa Neftyd\u0119 \u201ePomocn\u0105 Bogini\u0105\u201d lub \u201eDoskona\u0142\u0105 Bogini\u0105\u201d. Te egipskie teksty opisuj\u0105 bogini\u0119 jako kogo\u015b, kto reprezentowa\u0142 opieku\u0144cz\u0105 opiek\u0119 i bosk\u0105 pomoc. Co wi\u0119cej, mitologia uwa\u017ca bogini\u0119 za matk\u0119 b\u00f3stwa Anubisa. Jednak w innych mitach Anubis pojawia si\u0119 jako syn Izydy lub Bastet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wed\u0142ug s\u0142ynnej opowie\u015bci o Ozyrysie bogini zosta\u0142a nazwana g\u0142\u00f3wn\u0105 karmi\u0105c\u0105 matk\u0105 wcielonego boga Horusa<\/a>. Teksty uwa\u017caj\u0105 j\u0105 za piel\u0119gniark\u0119 panuj\u0105cego faraona. Opowie\u015bci najcz\u0119\u015bciej przedstawiaj\u0105 Neftyd\u0119 w tej roli. Jednak wed\u0142ug innych mit\u00f3w bogini przedstawiana by\u0142a jako niebezpieczna i zaciek\u0142a b\u00f3stwo. Legendy m\u00f3wi\u0105, \u017ce Neftyda swoim gor\u0105cym oddechem mog\u0142a spali\u0107 wrog\u00f3w faraona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Symbolika Bogini<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Latawiec lub samica ze skrzyd\u0142ami soko\u0142a symbolizuj\u0105 bogini\u0119 w roli pogrzebowej. Rozpostarte skrzyd\u0142a stanowi\u0105 symbol ochrony. Zwi\u0105zek Neftydy z egipskim jastrz\u0119biem przypomina\u0142 staro\u017cytnym lamenty podczas rytua\u0142\u00f3w \u017ca\u0142obnych.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co wi\u0119cej, Teksty Piramid identyfikuj\u0105 zwi\u0105zek Neftydy ze \u015bmierci\u0105 i gniciem. Hieroglify przedstawiaj\u0105ce jej imi\u0119 by\u0142y kombinacj\u0105 znak\u00f3w oznaczaj\u0105cych zamkni\u0119cie \u015bwi\u0119tej \u015bwi\u0105tyni i symbolu damy na szczycie znaku ogrodzeniowego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opowie\u015bci przedstawia\u0142y bogini\u0119 jako chorobliw\u0105, ale \u017cyciow\u0105 si\u0142\u0119 niebia\u0144skiej przemiany. Zasadniczo oznacza\u0142o to, \u017ce faraon sta\u0142 si\u0119 silniejszy podczas podr\u00f3\u017cy do za\u015bwiat\u00f3w dzi\u0119ki Izydzie i Neftydzie. Wszystkim zmar\u0142ym doradzono, aby uwa\u017cali j\u0105 za niezb\u0119dn\u0105 towarzyszk\u0119 ich kosmicznej podr\u00f3\u017cy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co wi\u0119cej, teksty o piramidach traktuj\u0105 siostry, Izyd\u0119 i Neftyd\u0119, jako si\u0142\u0119, przed kt\u00f3r\u0105 demony dr\u017c\u0105 ze strachu. Dodatkowo ich magia by\u0142a niezb\u0119dna do poruszania si\u0119 po r\u00f3\u017cnych poziomach Duat lub kr\u00f3lestwa \u015bmierci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neftyda w r\u00f3\u017cnych mitologiach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ostatnie badania kwestionuj\u0105 powi\u0105zania bogini z Setem. Egiptolog, Levai, zauwa\u017ca, \u017ce \u200b\u200bwe wczesnych \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142ach egipskich jest bardzo ma\u0142o informacji, kt\u00f3re wi\u0105\u017c\u0105 Neftyd\u0119 z Setem. Wed\u0142ug niej ma\u0142\u017ce\u0144stwo bogini z Setem nie by\u0142o elementem legendy o morderstwie i zmartwychwstaniu Ozyrysa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neftyda pomaga Izydzie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u0142ynna opowie\u015b\u0107 opowiada, jak Neftyda pomog\u0142a Izydzie zebra\u0107, a nast\u0119pnie op\u0142akiwa\u0107 cia\u0142o Ozyrysa po tym, jak Set go zamordowa\u0142. Ponadto pe\u0142ni\u0142a funkcj\u0119 czujnej opiekunki ma\u0142ego Horusa. W szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci Teksty Piramid odnosz\u0105 si\u0119 do Izydy jako matki rodz\u0105cej, a Neftydy jako matki karmi\u0105cej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nephthys gra rol\u0119 z Ozyrysem<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Neftyda by\u0142a tak\u017ce jednym z czterech \u201eWielkich Szef\u00f3w\u201d, kt\u00f3rzy rz\u0105dzili centrum kultu Ozyrysa w Busiris w Delcie. Ponadto zajmuje honorowe stanowisko w \u015bwi\u0119tym mie\u015bcie Abydos<\/a>. W mie\u015bcie odbywa\u0142y si\u0119 roczne obrz\u0119dy, w kt\u00f3rych dwie wybrane kobiety odgrywa\u0142y rol\u0119 Izydy i Neftydy. Wybrana kap\u0142anka mia\u0142a wsp\u00f3lnie wykona\u0107 \u201eLamentacje Izydy i Neftydy\u201d. Element rytualny, popularnie znany jako \u201ePie\u015bni \u015awi\u0119ta Izydy i Neftydy\u201d, stanowi\u0142 wa\u017cny element kilku obrz\u0119d\u00f3w ozyryjskich w g\u0142\u00f3wnych egipskich o\u015brodkach kultowych.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ochraniacze s\u0142oj\u00f3w kanopskich<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Dodatkowo bogini by\u0142a jedn\u0105 z obro\u0144c\u00f3w s\u0142oj\u00f3w kanopskich w Hapi. Syn Horusa, Hapi, strzeg\u0142 zabalsamowanych p\u0142uc. W zwi\u0105zku z tym Neftyda zosta\u0142a obdarzona tytu\u0142em \u201eNeftyda \u0142o\u017ca \u017cycia\u201d. Odnosi\u0142o si\u0119 to bezpo\u015brednio do jej mocy regeneracyjnych na stole do balsamowania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sklep Kr\u00f3lowej Balsamisty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ponadto miasto Memphis uhonorowa\u0142o bogini\u0119 tytu\u0142em \u201eKr\u00f3lowej Sklepu Balsamisty\u201d. Tutaj ludzie kojarzyli j\u0105 z Anubisem o g\u0142owie szakala jako patronk\u0105. Ponadto ludzie uwa\u017cali bogini\u0119 za b\u00f3stwo \u015bwi\u0105teczne. Jej obrz\u0119dy mog\u0142y zatwierdzi\u0107 spo\u017cywanie piwa alkoholowego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bogini piwa w Edfu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Inne p\u0142askorze\u017aby w Edfu, Denderze i Behbeit pokazuj\u0105, jak otrzymuje od faraon\u00f3w<\/a> hojne ofiary piwa. P\u00f3\u017aniej odda piwo, u\u017cywaj\u0105c swojej mocy jako bogini piwa i pob\u0142ogos\u0142awi rado\u015b\u0107 faraona bez kaca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wizerunek bogini<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Og\u00f3lne motywy tekstowe przedstawiaj\u0105 bogini\u0119 jako osob\u0119, kt\u00f3rej unikaln\u0105 domen\u0105 by\u0142a ciemno\u015b\u0107 lub niebezpieczne kraw\u0119dzie pustyni. Staro\u017cytny mit w papirusie Westcar opowiada histori\u0119 bogini wraz z Meschenet i Heqet. W opowie\u015bci bogowie podr\u00f3\u017cowali jako tancerze w przebraniu, asystuj\u0105c \u017conie kap\u0142ana z Amun-Re<\/a>, przygotowuj\u0105c si\u0119 do wydania syn\u00f3w przeznaczonych na s\u0142aw\u0119 i fortun\u0119.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Kilka amulet\u00f3w ceramicznych przedstawia Neftyd\u0119. Dodatkowo bogini jest obecna w r\u00f3\u017cnych magicznych papirusach, kt\u00f3re stara\u0142y si\u0119 przywo\u0142a\u0107 jej szlachetne cechy, aby pom\u00f3c \u015bmiertelnikom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wniosek                      <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ludzie rozumieli Neftyd\u0119 mniej wyra\u017anie ni\u017c jej siostra Izyda. By\u0142a jednak r\u00f3wnie wa\u017cna w religii egipskiej. Praca Erika Hornunga<\/a> i kilku innych uczonych potwierdzi\u0142a religijn\u0105 pozycj\u0119 Neftydy. Ponadto w XIX dynastii w miejscowo\u015bci Sepermeru zbudowano \u015bwi\u0105tyni\u0119 Neftydy. Faraon Ramzes II kierowa\u0142 tym projektem ze wzgl\u0119du na swoje oddanie bogini. Podobnie istnieje kilka opis\u00f3w mocy i chwa\u0142y bogini Neftydy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kultura staro\u017cytnego Egiptu uznaje Neftyd\u0119, znan\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c jako Nebet-Het, za pot\u0119\u017cn\u0105 bogini\u0119. Nale\u017ca\u0142a do Wielkiej Enneady z Heliopolis z mitologii egipskiej. Mity rozpoznaj\u0105 Neftyd\u0119 jako c\u00f3rk\u0119 boga Geba i bogini Nut. Mitologia \u0142\u0105czy sam\u0105 bogini\u0119 z Izyd\u0105, jej siostr\u0105, w obrz\u0119dach pogrzebowych. Obaj byli obro\u0144cami mumii. Co wi\u0119cej, bogini by\u0142a tak\u017ce siostr\u0105 i \u017con\u0105 boga […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34826,"parent":3624,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-34825","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nBogini Neftyda - Rola i pozycja religijna - Landious Travel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bogini Neftyda Obaj byli obro\u0144cami mumii. Co wi\u0119cej, bogini by\u0142a tak\u017ce siostr\u0105 i \u017con\u0105 boga Seta. 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Nale\u017ca\u0142a do Wielkiej Enneady z Heliopolis z mitologii egipskiej. Mity rozpoznaj\u0105 Neftyd\u0119 jako c\u00f3rk\u0119 boga Geba i bogini Nut. Mitologia \u0142\u0105czy sam\u0105 bogini\u0119 z Izyd\u0105, jej siostr\u0105, w obrz\u0119dach pogrzebowych. Obaj byli obro\u0144cami mumii. 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