{"id":35042,"date":"2021-08-08T19:55:08","date_gmt":"2021-08-08T17:55:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/?page_id=35042"},"modified":"2021-08-08T19:55:18","modified_gmt":"2021-08-08T17:55:18","slug":"bog-thot","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/pl\/egipt\/egipskie-bostwa\/bog-thot\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00f3g Thot"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Jeden z najwa\u017cniejszych bog\u00f3w<\/a> staro\u017cytnego Egiptu, Thot by\u0142 bogiem pisma, m\u0105dro\u015bci, magii i ksi\u0119\u017cyca. R\u00f3\u017cne wersje pochodzenia Thota wyznaczaj\u0105 bieg historii. Niekt\u00f3rzy twierdz\u0105, \u017ce b\u00f3g sam si\u0119 stworzy\u0142. Jednak inni twierdz\u0105, \u017ce urodzi\u0142 si\u0119 z nasienia Horusa<\/a>, kt\u00f3re wysz\u0142o z czo\u0142a Seta<\/a>. Ludzie cz\u0119sto postrzegali Thota jako syna tych dw\u00f3ch bog\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy reprezentowali odpowiednio porz\u0105dek i chaos. W ten spos\u00f3b wybrali go r\u00f3wnie\u017c jako boga r\u00f3wnowagi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z drugiej strony legendy \u0142\u0105cz\u0105 Ma\u2019at z bogiem. Jego zwi\u0105zek obejmowa\u0142 zar\u00f3wno bosk\u0105 r\u00f3wnowag\u0119, jak i bogini\u0119 Ma’at, kt\u00f3ra reprezentowa\u0142a t\u0119 zasad\u0119. Bogini by\u0142a r\u00f3wnie\u017c czasami przedstawiana jako \u017cona Thota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00f3\u017cne imiona Boga Thot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pierwotne egipskie imi\u0119 Thota brzmia\u0142o Djehuty, co t\u0142umaczy si\u0119 jako \u201eten, kt\u00f3ry jest jak Ibis\u201d. Staro\u017cytni Egipcjanie czcili ptaka Ibis jako \u015bwi\u0119ty i kojarzyli go z m\u0105dro\u015bci\u0105. Ponadto Thoth mia\u0142 inne imiona, takie jak Tahuti, Tehuti, Jehuti, Tetu, Zehuti, Techu. Ludzie nazywali go r\u00f3wnie\u017c Panem Khemenu, p\u00f3\u017aniejszego miasta Hermopolis, kt\u00f3re s\u0142u\u017cy\u0142o mu jako g\u0142\u00f3wne centrum kultu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zwi\u0105zek Tota z bogiem Hermesem sprawi\u0142, \u017ce Grecy nazwali Thota \u201eHermes Trismegistus<\/a>\u201d (Tot Trzykro\u0107 Wielki). St\u0105d te\u017c nazwa miasta Hermopolis<\/a>. Ponadto inne opowie\u015bci odnosz\u0105 si\u0119 do boga jako \u201eW\u0142adca Maat\u201d, \u201eSkryba Maat w towarzystwie bog\u00f3w\u201d, \u201eW\u0142adca Boskich S\u0142\u00f3w\u201d. B\u00f3stwo jest najcz\u0119\u015bciej okre\u015blane jako sprawiedliwy i nieprzekupny s\u0119dzia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pochodzenie Boga Tota<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Podobnie jak inni egipscy bogowie panteonu, Thot ma r\u00f3\u017cne historie pochodzenia. Niekt\u00f3rzy twierdz\u0105, \u017ce Ra<\/a> stworzy\u0142 Thota ze swojej wargi na pocz\u0105tku stworzenia. St\u0105d by\u0142 znany jako \u201eb\u00f3g bez matki\u201d. Jednak wed\u0142ug innych opowie\u015bci, Thoth sam stworzy\u0142 siebie na pocz\u0105tku czasu i z\u0142o\u017cy\u0142 kosmiczne jajo w postaci Ibisa, kt\u00f3ry zawiera\u0142 ca\u0142e stworzenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thoth i Horus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jednocze\u015bnie opowie\u015bci \u015bci\u015ble \u0142\u0105czy\u0142y boga z Ra i teori\u0105 boskiego porz\u0105dku i sprawiedliwo\u015bci. Jeszcze inna s\u0142ynna historia, kt\u00f3ra opowiada o zmaganiach Horusa i Seta w latach 1190-1077 p.n.e., przedstawia zupe\u0142nie inn\u0105 histori\u0119 pochodzenia. Wed\u0142ug tego egipskiego manuskryptu, podczas walki Seta i Horusa o prawo do rz\u0105dzenia nasienie Horusa stworzy\u0142o Thota, kt\u00f3rego Set przypadkowo po\u0142kn\u0105\u0142.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ten tekst opowiada histori\u0119 Seta, kt\u00f3ry narzuci\u0142 si\u0119 na Horusa. P\u00f3\u017aniej Set poszed\u0142 chwali\u0107 si\u0119 tym innym bogom. Jednak nie by\u0142 \u015bwiadomy, \u017ce Horus z\u0142apa\u0142 w r\u0119k\u0119 ziarno Seta, kt\u00f3re zosta\u0142o p\u00f3\u017aniej odci\u0119te przez Izyd\u0119<\/a> i wrzucone do Nilu. W mi\u0119dzyczasie Horus wrzuci\u0142 swoje ziarno do ulubionego jedzenia Seta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ten przypadkowo zaimpregnowany Set nasieniem Horusa. Tak wi\u0119c, gdy Set chwali\u0142 si\u0119 swoim wyst\u0119pkiem, Horus zakwestionowa\u0142 jego roszczenia. Poprosi\u0142 bog\u00f3w, aby wywo\u0142ali jego nasienie. Ku rozgoryczeniu Seta nasienie Horusa odpowiedzia\u0142o na wezwanie z jego wn\u0119trza. Nasienie zebra\u0142o si\u0119 na czole Seta i doprowadzi\u0142o do narodzin boga Thota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wszystkie wersje maj\u0105 jednak jedno podobie\u0144stwo. We wszystkich wersjach Thoth jest skryb\u0105, kt\u00f3ry rejestruje wydarzenia z pojedynku mi\u0119dzy Setem a Horusem. Ponadto oferuje doradzanie im obu. Po\u015bredniczy\u0142 w walce mi\u0119dzy bogami i uzdrawia\u0142 ich obu w r\u00f3\u017cnym czasie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thoth uwa\u017ca\u0142, \u017ce obie strony s\u0105 r\u00f3wnie zdolne i nie powinny zdobywa\u0107 nieuczciwej przewagi nad drug\u0105. Dlatego uzdrowi\u0142 Seta i Horusa podczas ich bitwy. Podobnie w\u015br\u00f3d ludzi b\u00f3g przewodniczy\u0142 sprawiedliwo\u015bci na Ziemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Role Boga Thota<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Staro\u017cytni Egipcjanie przypisuj\u0105 bogu stworzenie wielu ga\u0142\u0119zi wiedzy, kt\u00f3re obejmowa\u0142y magi\u0119, prawo, religi\u0119, nauk\u0119, pismo, filozofi\u0119 i sztuk\u0119. Dzi\u0119ki temu sta\u0142 si\u0119 najbardziej wiarygodnym s\u0119dzi\u0105, kt\u00f3ry m\u00f3g\u0142 podejmowa\u0107 s\u0142uszne decyzje. Co wi\u0119cej, Grecy tak bardzo podziwiali boga, \u017ce \u200b\u200bnazywali go tw\u00f3rc\u0105 wiedzy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co wi\u0119cej, inni bogowie darzyli Thota wielkim szacunkiem. Kiedy obce ziemie (odleg\u0142a bogini) porwa\u0142y c\u00f3rk\u0119 Ra, bogowie wybrali Seta, by j\u0105 odzyska\u0142. Thoth przebra\u0142 si\u0119 za pawiana lub ma\u0142p\u0119. Poprosi\u0142 bogini\u0119, aby wr\u00f3ci\u0142a do domu dzi\u0119ki wytrwa\u0142o\u015bci, przebieg\u0142o\u015bci i pokorze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W nagrod\u0119 za jego s\u0142u\u017cb\u0119 bogowie podarowali mu bogini\u0119 Nehemtawy na ma\u0142\u017conk\u0119. Co wi\u0119cej, Thot odegra\u0142 znacz\u0105c\u0105 rol\u0119 w narodzinach pierwotnych pi\u0119ciu bog\u00f3w Egiptu. Wed\u0142ug mitologii Nut zasz\u0142a w ci\u0105\u017c\u0119 na pocz\u0105tku \u015bwiata. To bardzo rozgniewa\u0142o boga Ra, kt\u00f3ry nast\u0119pnie przekl\u0105\u0142 Nut, stwierdzaj\u0105c, \u017ce nie urodzi jej w \u017caden dzie\u0144 w roku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podzia\u0142 \u015bwiat\u0142a ksi\u0119\u017cyca<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Zrozpaczony strachem Nut pobieg\u0142 do boga m\u0105dro\u015bci Thota i b\u0142aga\u0142 go o pomoc. Aby pom\u00f3c Nut, b\u00f3g postawi\u0142 na boga ksi\u0119\u017cyca Laha. Postawi\u0142 na dodatkowe pi\u0119\u0107 dni \u015bwiat\u0142a ksi\u0119\u017cycowego. Thoth wygra\u0142 zak\u0142ad i podzieli\u0142 \u015bwiat\u0142o ksi\u0119\u017cyca Laha na pi\u0119\u0107 dodatkowych dni, kt\u00f3re nie by\u0142y cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 pierwotnego roku, jak wspomnia\u0142 Ra. To pozwoli\u0142o Nut uciec przed kl\u0105tw\u0105 Ra i urodzi\u0107 ka\u017cde z jej dzieci (Ozyrysa<\/a>, Neftydy<\/a>, Seta, Horusa i Izyd\u0119) w ci\u0105gu tych pi\u0119ciu dni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00f3\u017aniej, mimo \u017ce by\u0142 z\u0142y na Nuta, uhonorowa\u0142 sprytny spos\u00f3b, w jaki Thoth omin\u0105\u0142 swoj\u0105 kl\u0105tw\u0119. Dlatego da\u0142 Thothowi honorowe miejsce w jego podniebnej \u0142odzi, kt\u00f3ra przemierza\u0142a niebo za dnia, a podziemie noc\u0105. Nast\u0119pnie Thoth chroni\u0142 Ra, broni\u0105c go przed w\u0119\u017cem Apopisem, kt\u00f3ry chcia\u0142 zniszczy\u0107 boga s\u0142o\u0144ca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Staro\u017cytni wierzyli, \u017ce stworzy\u0142 s\u0142owo pisane zar\u00f3wno dla ludzi, jak i dla boga. Dlatego uczeni w Pi\u015bmie uznawali go za swojego patrona i czcili go na pocz\u0105tku ka\u017cdego dnia. Koncepcja, kt\u00f3r\u0105 Toth stworzy\u0142 s\u0142owami, uczyni\u0142a go nie\u015bmiertelnym i niezwykle wa\u017cn\u0105 cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 kultury staro\u017cytnego Egiptu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wniosek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Staro\u017cytny Egipt \u0142\u0105czy boga Thota z kilkoma wa\u017cnymi aspektami ich \u017cycia. Jego rezydencja s\u0142u\u017cy\u0142a jako bezpieczne miejsce odpoczynku dla dusz i otrzymuje pomoc w walce z demonami nawet w \u017cyciu pozagrobowym. Co wi\u0119cej, ludzie wok\u00f3\u0142 staro\u017cytnej krainy czcili boga. Jego magia trwa od dawnych kart historii do wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnego Egiptu<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jeden z najwa\u017cniejszych bog\u00f3w staro\u017cytnego Egiptu, Thot by\u0142 bogiem pisma, m\u0105dro\u015bci, magii i ksi\u0119\u017cyca. R\u00f3\u017cne wersje pochodzenia Thota wyznaczaj\u0105 bieg historii. Niekt\u00f3rzy twierdz\u0105, \u017ce b\u00f3g sam si\u0119 stworzy\u0142. Jednak inni twierdz\u0105, \u017ce urodzi\u0142 si\u0119 z nasienia Horusa, kt\u00f3re wysz\u0142o z czo\u0142a Seta. Ludzie cz\u0119sto postrzegali Thota jako syna tych dw\u00f3ch bog\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy reprezentowali odpowiednio porz\u0105dek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":89214,"parent":3624,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35042","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nB\u00f3g Thot - Rola i pozycja religijna - Landious Travel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u00f3g Thot Jeden z najwa\u017cniejszych bog\u00f3w staro\u017cytnego Egiptu, Thoth by\u0142 bogiem pisma, m\u0105dro\u015bci, magii i ksi\u0119\u017cyca. 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Landious","author_link":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/pl\/author\/landious\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Jeden z najwa\u017cniejszych bog\u00f3w staro\u017cytnego Egiptu, Thot by\u0142 bogiem pisma, m\u0105dro\u015bci, magii i ksi\u0119\u017cyca. R\u00f3\u017cne wersje pochodzenia Thota wyznaczaj\u0105 bieg historii. Niekt\u00f3rzy twierdz\u0105, \u017ce b\u00f3g sam si\u0119 stworzy\u0142. Jednak inni twierdz\u0105, \u017ce urodzi\u0142 si\u0119 z nasienia Horusa, kt\u00f3re wysz\u0142o z czo\u0142a Seta. Ludzie cz\u0119sto postrzegali Thota jako syna tych dw\u00f3ch bog\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy reprezentowali odpowiednio porz\u0105dek…","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/Par4r5-97c","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35042"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35042\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3624"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89214"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/landioustravel.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}