Tyti’s tomb is designated QV52 in the Valley of the Queens, and her titles were King’s Daughter, King’s Sister, King’s Wife, King’s Mother, God’s Wife, and Lady of the Two Lands. The tomb has a corridor, side chambers, a hall and an inner (burial) chamber. The tomb had been described by Champollion (tomb 3), Lepsius (number 9), Wilkinson (number 12) and Hay (number 2).
Description of Tomb QV52
The corridor has a doorway that opens to a further stretch described as an antechamber. The walls are decorated with deities that form pairs, with one on the north wall and the other on the south wall. After a seated winged goddess Ma’at, we find the gods Ptah (South) and Thoth (North), who represent the underworld, then Ra-Harakhti and Atum. They are solar deities, followed by Imset, Hapy, Duamutef and Qebehsenuef, the Four Sons of Horus. Isis and Nephthys conclude the parade of gods.
The decorations in the hall consist of protective deities. For instance, the gods Herymaat and Nebneru (“Lord of Terror”) are included. Herymaat represents the rebirth of Queen Tyti. The doorways to the side chambers (or annexes) are decorated with guardians that are reminiscent of the Book of the Dead. The entrance to the final section is decorated with the Four Sons of Horus. Imset and Duamutef are on the south side of the door, and Hapy and Qebehsenuef are on the north side.
The decorations or the side chambers include netherworld gods, images of Canopic chests and the Souls of Pe and Nekhen. One of the side chambers also consists of a scene showing the Queen as a (male) Iunmutef priest. In the inner chamber, the Queen again appears before several deities. The rear wall contains a scene depicting Osiris. He is seated on a throne and assisted by Thoth, Nephthys, Neith and Serket.
The tomb was reused during the Third Intermediate Period. A pit was dug in the Inner Chambers, and excavations have yielded a variety of funerary items, including sarcophagi and personal objects.
Tyti
Tyti was an ancient Egyptian queen of the 20th Dynasty—a wife and sister of Ramesses III and possibly the mother of Ramesses IV.
Place of Tyti in the 20th Dynasty
It was once uncertain which pharaoh was her husband. Still, he can now be identified as Ramesses III based on new evidence published in the 2010 Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (JEA) issue. Her titles show that she was the daughter, sister, wife and mother of kings.
In the past, some thought she was married to Ramesses X and that both she and her husband were the children of Ramesses IX, and their son was Ramesses XI. But another theory by Jehon Grist placed her earlier in the 20th Dynasty and identified her as a daughter-wife of Ramesses III and the mother of Ramesses IV, based on the similarities in the style of her tomb and those of princes who lived during this period. However, judging from their child’s age, this would mean that Ramesses married his daughter before he ascended the throne, and father-daughter marriages occurred only between pharaohs and their daughters.
Titi is depicted with a type of crown that is, according to one theory, an attribute of princess-queens (19th dynasty princess-queen Nebettawy was shown with this crown and 18th dynasty Sitamun wore an earlier version of it).
Titi is named as a queen of pharaoh Ramesses III, which means that she was most likely King Ramesses IV’s mother since Ramesses VI is known to be the son of another queen of Ramesses III named Iset Ta-Hemdjert. Now, however, new scholarly research printed in the 2010 issue of JEA establishes that Queen Tyti was Ramesses III’s wife based on individual copies of parts of the tomb robbery papyri (or Papyrus BM EA 10052)—made by Anthony Harris—which discloses confessions made by Egyptian tomb robbers who broke into Tyti’s tomb and emptied it of its jewellery. Even the Egyptologist Aidan Dodson, who doubted Grist’s theory on the identity of Tyti’s royal husband, now accepts this new evidence since it comes from newly deciphered notes of this tomb robbery papyrus made by Anthony Harris.
Given her place as the wife of Ramesses III, Leblanc has conjectured that Tyti is the mother of Khaemwaset, Amenherkhepshef and Ramesses-Meryamun. This is based on similarities in their decorative programs.
